<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
    <channel>
        <title>JackieWu</title>
        <link>https://www.jackiewu.top/</link>
        <description>unRAID 的相关使用分享</description>
        <lastBuildDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 12:51:51 GMT</lastBuildDate>
        <docs>https://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/rss2.html</docs>
        <generator>https://github.com/jpmonette/feed</generator>
        <language>zh-CN</language>
        <copyright>All rights reserved 2026, JackieWu</copyright>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Unraid MoviePilot V2 自动化家庭影音全流程搭建]]></title>
            <link>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-moviepilot-tutorial</link>
            <guid>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-moviepilot-tutorial</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[MoviePilot 是一个开源项目，旨在帮助用户轻松搭建自己的电影和媒体库管理系统，特别适合在家庭 NAS（网络附加存储）服务器上运行。本教程将基于 Unraid 系统，介绍最新的 MoviePilot V2 安装和使用方法，并配套结合下载和影音播放的搭建，帮助大家实现一整套完成的家庭影音搭建过程。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-11a8182321b880548187d099ba00fa7d"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-73747fe872c14bad9fc02b9e039e6efe"><div>如需技术支持，请点击 👉 <a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/paid-service" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">联系方式</a></div></blockquote><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-11a8182321b8802d8b9de54d531c6049" data-id="11a8182321b8802d8b9de54d531c6049"><span><div id="11a8182321b8802d8b9de54d531c6049" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#11a8182321b8802d8b9de54d531c6049" title="1. 介绍"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 介绍</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-11a8182321b88085934dd4ef52292449"><span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官方 WiKi</a></span> | <span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/jxxghp/MoviePilot?tab=readme-ov-file" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Github </a></span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b8802a908ef930b4a783e2"><b>MoviePilot 是一个开源项目，旨在帮助用户轻松搭建自己的电影和媒体库管理系统，特别适合在家庭 NAS 服务器上运行。</b>该项目利用 Python 和 Flask 框架开发，提供了用户友好的界面和强大的功能，使用户能够在家中创建一个个性化的媒体中心。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-11a8182321b88067b98deeb71029831a">MoviePilot （下文简称 MP）的前身是 Nastool，是基于 Nastool 部分代码重新设计、聚焦自动化核心需求的新一代影音下载和管理工具，对比 Nastool 来说，它减少问题同时更易于扩展和维护。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-11a8182321b8808e989ef7b68a2af1a8"><div>博主先前写过一篇 <a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/nastool" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nastool 的安装和使用教程</a>，但由于作者表示 Nastool 不再更新和维护，因此不再推荐大家使用。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b8800d8f55cad28cdf1829">近期，MP 发布了 V2 版本。请注意，V1 版本无法直接升级到 V2 版本。如果读者希望使用最新的 V2 版本，需要进行全新的安装和配置。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-15d8182321b880ed8739c472a67cb773"><div><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/zh/release" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">发行说明</a></b><b>：</b>MoviePilot V1 版本停止功能更新，仅修复重大 Bug 以及同步更新站点资源包。V2 版本新增多项新特性，部分功能重新设计开发，使用独立境像，无法通过 V1 版本自动升级，同时也不兼容旧版本配置和数据库文件。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b8802497accd00993c7c98"><b>本教程将基于 Unraid 系统，介绍最新的 MoviePilot V2 安装和使用方法，并配套结合下载和影音播放的搭建，帮助大家实现一整套完成的家庭影音搭建过程。</b></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-11a8182321b88067998bda5934c03718" data-id="11a8182321b88067998bda5934c03718"><span><div id="11a8182321b88067998bda5934c03718" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#11a8182321b88067998bda5934c03718" title="2. 安装"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 安装</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-11a8182321b880ee8915e841eae12a17"><b>为了尽可能照顾新手朋友，本教程会提供一套以 MP  为核心的自动化家庭影音系统所需要的各种配置步骤，建议新手朋友严格按照本文所述步骤进行配置，以确保最终实现的效果与本文一致。</b>等读者熟悉了这套系统之后，可自行调整相关的内容。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-11a8182321b880a0a32ac2a77709116f">本文将会通过 Docker 安装以下工具：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-11a8182321b8803f9ba0c25b16f16b84"><li>影音管理中心：<b>MoviePilot-V2</b>（负责影音的检索、下载、元数据刮削、归纳和整理等）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-11a8182321b880a48a10ce4d5dff7f18"><li>媒体服务器：<b><a class="notion-link" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/nyanmisaka/jellyfin" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jellyfin</a></b>（影音播放服务器，Jellyfin 中国特供版，可根据需要换成 Emby 或 Plex）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-11a8182321b880a29520f9a9b9e2170b"><li>下载工具：<b><a class="notion-link" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/qbittorrent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">qBittorrent</a></b>（ BT/PT 下载工，换成 Transmission 也是可以的，配置方法类似）</li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-11a8182321b88080a404d16ec45b2d19" data-id="11a8182321b88080a404d16ec45b2d19"><span><div id="11a8182321b88080a404d16ec45b2d19" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#11a8182321b88080a404d16ec45b2d19" title="2.1 准备工作：下载 Docker 安装模板以及创建媒体库目录"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.1 准备工作：下载 Docker 安装模板以及创建媒体库目录</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-11a8182321b8804ea74de2dbd680cc15">“模板”指的是 Unraid 特有的、针对 Docker 容器配置部署的配置文件，文件格式为 <code class="notion-inline-code">.xml</code>（存储在 
<code class="notion-inline-code">/boot/config/plugins/dockerMan/templates-user</code> 目录）。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-11a8182321b8809ea525e8379d913648"><summary>1️⃣ 获取 MP 安装模板</summary><div><div class="notion-sync-block notion-block-1a58182321b8802b92ffdf55e75b0a0d"><div class="notion-text notion-block-1678182321b8806bb814cf4c0b952358">复制以下命令到 Unraid 的命令行窗口中运行（请注意，此命令会下载并覆盖原有的同名模板文件）：</div></div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-11a8182321b880bea8ace0baab4d2417"><summary>2️⃣ 获取 Jellyfin 安装模板</summary><div><div class="notion-sync-block notion-block-1a58182321b8802b92ffdf55e75b0a0d"><div class="notion-text notion-block-1678182321b8806bb814cf4c0b952358">复制以下命令到 Unraid 的命令行窗口中运行（请注意，此命令会下载并覆盖原有的同名模板文件）：</div></div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-11a8182321b880a9b067e474d5bfb7bd"><summary>3️⃣ 获取 qBittorrent 安装模板</summary><div><div class="notion-sync-block notion-block-1a58182321b8802b92ffdf55e75b0a0d"><div class="notion-text notion-block-1678182321b8806bb814cf4c0b952358">复制以下命令到 Unraid 的命令行窗口中运行（请注意，此命令会下载并覆盖原有的同名模板文件）：</div></div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-11a8182321b880ceafa0f3f990c66f29"><summary>4️⃣ 创建媒体库共享文件夹（重点）</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b88033ac72e20520cd8d5d">创建一个名为 <code class="notion-inline-code">media</code> 的共享文件夹：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-11a8182321b88021b113e140820ab50f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:608.984375px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Ff139a895-ceac-4079-886f-ccbd09218120%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=11a81823-21b8-8021-b113-e140820ab50f&amp;t=11a81823-21b8-8021-b113-e140820ab50f&amp;width=608.984375&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-11a8182321b880baaeadcc49dff87cd6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Feacf51e4-8e23-462b-a1f6-57e58762468b%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=11a81823-21b8-80ba-aead-cc49dff87cd6&amp;t=11a81823-21b8-80ba-aead-cc49dff87cd6&amp;width=707.9861450195312&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1638182321b880eab924c8332513a071">然后使用以下命令在 <code class="notion-inline-code">media</code> 文件夹中分别创建两个名为 <code class="notion-inline-code">download</code> 和 <code class="notion-inline-code">link</code> 的子文件夹：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1638182321b88033a310dea64fbec8e2"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fbbf17931-b5a6-46df-ac0e-bf227cebe0ca%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16381823-21b8-8033-a310-dea64fbec8e2&amp;t=16381823-21b8-8033-a310-dea64fbec8e2&amp;width=679.9739379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1638182321b880b39cb6c0fe5542e022">在后续的配置中：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-1668182321b8805b9bbcc62391ce7bb0"><li>我们将会使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">download</code> 文件夹作为 QB 的下载目录；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-1668182321b8806bab82c38c6363d02a"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">link</code> 文件夹作为硬链接目录，用于硬链接 <code class="notion-inline-code">download</code> 中下载好的媒体文件并进行刮削，最后提供给 Jellyfin 等影音服务器进行读取和播放。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b880d38f10d0809f4ec07e">接下来，为了进一步方便对影音进行整理，我们会在 <code class="notion-inline-code">download</code> 和 <code class="notion-inline-code">link</code> 这两个文件夹中，进一步创建对应的媒体分类文件夹（具体这些媒体分类规则请查看 MP 的 WiKi - <a class="notion-link" href="https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/zh/advanced" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">多目录支持与分类</a>）：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b8807893dfd5ded2f5420c">运行以上命令之后，我们就分别在两个文件夹中创建好了对应的媒体分类目录：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1648182321b880a0b690dd16f608dd5e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F80e8e857-4b80-4e93-bcc3-59e9a4d935a5%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16481823-21b8-80a0-b690-dd16f608dd5e&amp;t=16481823-21b8-80a0-b690-dd16f608dd5e&amp;width=2695&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b880319562f10454c55bdf">创建好以上种种文件夹之后，使用以下命令修改文件夹权限，方便我们对媒体文件的增删改查：</div></div></details><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-11a8182321b880009bf0cb0d2a8fb55d" data-id="11a8182321b880009bf0cb0d2a8fb55d"><span><div id="11a8182321b880009bf0cb0d2a8fb55d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#11a8182321b880009bf0cb0d2a8fb55d" title="2.2 安装 Docker"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.2 安装 Docker</span></span></h3><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-11a8182321b88034abbbcf6d4026ef4c"><summary>1️⃣ 安装 MP</summary><div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-23c8182321b880aabbc4dbb28a1a91f4"><summary>旧安装模板存档（已过时，不需要了解）</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88078809cdf310a43a9b8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fbd18b02e-eee7-487d-a03f-a5df91cabf43%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8078-809c-df310a43a9b8&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8078-809c-df310a43a9b8&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880489c51d565eef836e4"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fd6e06e89-8cd7-4781-b8e6-8869bb1d8407%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8048-9c51-d565eef836e4&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8048-9c51-d565eef836e4&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-callout notion-yellow_background_co notion-block-1678182321b880f1afa8e96484eca36e"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="💡">💡</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-1678182321b8805aaba9c669d28ae979"><b>需要说明的是：</b>模板中很多的变量都可以在 MP 中进行设置，如果某些配置项已在环境变量中设置，则 <code class="notion-inline-code">.env</code> 配置文件及前端界面配置将不会生效，系统将以环境变量的设置为准，并且在前端界面尝试修改这些配置时，将提示失败。对于新手朋友，先按照模板的变量进行设置，后期熟悉之后再根据需要调整。</div></div></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1308182321b8800f8855f05da0ab3500">参数说明：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1308182321b880d58b09f4e7a94fb20b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>管理员用户名</b></code>：即 MP 的后台管理员账号，默认为 <code class="notion-inline-code">admin</code>，可自行修改。管理员的密码会由 MP 生成，通过查看 MP 的容器日志获取，具体获取方法在下文的 MP 配置章节会进行介绍。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b8801bb89de60d2628d67b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><s><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>认证站点</b></code></s><s>：配置方法参考下文 MP 站点认证说明。</s> —— 最新补充：无需再使用此配置，详见下文 <b>MP 站点认证说明</b>。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1308182321b88043997de6f76a6e0910" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><s><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>站点认证-用户ID</b></code></s><s>：配置方法参考下文 MP 站点认证说明。</s> —— 最新补充：无需再使用此配置，详见下文 <b>MP 站点认证说明</b>。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1308182321b880e68498eead511ce9dc" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><s><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>站点认证-密钥</b></code></s><s>：配置方法参考下文 MP 站点认证说明。</s> —— 最新补充：无需再使用此配置，详见下文 <b>MP 站点认证说明</b>。</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1308182321b880d79eccd6927c5e33a7" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>媒体目录映射</b></code>：即将 Unraid 上面的 <code class="notion-inline-code">media</code> 共享文件夹目录映射到 MP 中，提供给 MP 进行媒体文件管理，同时也是作为 Jellyfin 和 qBittorrent 等相关应用的媒体库目录，读者不需要修改。</li></ol><ol start="6" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1308182321b88072a06cf8ac4528bc48" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>自动下载站点字幕</b></code>：作用于 PT 站点，如果 PT 站点上面的影视种子提供了字幕文件，那么 MP 会同时进行字幕下载。</li></ol><ol start="7" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880b58531f570bbdff53c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>自动更新站点资源</b></code>：自动检查和更新站点资源包（索引、认证等），默认为 <code class="notion-inline-code">true</code> 。</li></ol><ol start="8" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1308182321b8804096edc37c5fa79225" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>重启时自动更新</b></code>：是否自动更新 MP，默认为 <code class="notion-inline-code">release</code> ，表示自动更新 MP 并且更新分支为<code class="notion-inline-code">release</code> ，<code class="notion-inline-code">false</code> 表示不自动更新。</li></ol><ol start="9" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1308182321b880b58c17fdb8c0c44291" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>Github 代理地址</b></code>：如果读者所在的网络环境无法正常访问 Github，那么建议保持这里的默认配置不用变。另外需要注意的是，<code class="notion-inline-code">https://mirror.ghproxy.com</code> 这个 Github 镜像地址可能出现无法使用的情况，读者可以通过这个<a class="notion-link" href="https://ghproxy.link/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">🔗链接</a>去查看可以使用的镜像地址（如下图），然后复制粘贴到模板中。<b>如果读者所在的网络环境有代理，可以使得 MP 正常访问 Github，那么请删除这里的默认值（或删掉此项配置）。</b></li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1308182321b880b58c17fdb8c0c44291" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1ed8182321b8804f956cc06e31d93ebf"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A80280c19-7cf0-4837-aaf3-40ca23130d8a%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=1ed81823-21b8-804f-956c-c06e31d93ebf&amp;t=1ed81823-21b8-804f-956c-c06e31d93ebf" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></ol></ol><ol start="10" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1308182321b88074a3b7e906ae910687" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>DNS over HTTPS 开关</b></code>：用于 DNS 域名请求加密，可以解决 DNS 域名污染的问题。如果读者不知道这个是什么，建议保持默认 <code class="notion-inline-code">true</code> 不需要改；如果读者知道这是什么东西，请自行决定是否启用。</li></ol><ol start="11" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1308182321b880b6a9e9f698e2b21657" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>DOH 域名清单</b></code>：与上面的 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>DNS over HTTPS 开关</b></code> 配合使用，如果 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>DNS over HTTPS 开关</b></code> 开启了，那么当 MP 访问这些域名的时候，就会采用 DNS 加密请求的方式进行域名解析。</li></ol></div></details><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-11a8182321b88081afbbfd304c877d72"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F6645ccca-e108-4f51-9394-4614d34d3637%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=11a81823-21b8-8081-afbb-fd304c877d72&amp;t=11a81823-21b8-8081-afbb-fd304c877d72&amp;width=680.0000610351562&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-11a8182321b88027bce6fbac783c1745"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F6f54149d-4d11-499e-94c9-6156605fed6e%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=11a81823-21b8-8027-bce6-fbac783c1745&amp;t=11a81823-21b8-8027-bce6-fbac783c1745&amp;width=679.9913330078125&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-23c8182321b880f0a43eda7bc7ce5bf6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A56676ff0-623c-4f94-86f2-74fe4f80109c%3ASnipaste_2025-07-27_00-01-42.png?table=block&amp;id=23c81823-21b8-80f0-a43e-da7bc7ce5bf6&amp;t=23c81823-21b8-80f0-a43e-da7bc7ce5bf6" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-23c8182321b88077bf96f01cb034b488" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>管理员用户名</b></code>：即 MP 的后台管理员账号，默认为 <code class="notion-inline-code">admin</code>，可自行修改。管理员的密码会由 MP 生成，通过查看 MP 的容器日志获取，具体获取方法在下文的 MP 配置章节会进行介绍。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-23c8182321b8805a9790c72ffcbc3234" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>媒体目录映射</b></code>：即将 Unraid 上面的 <code class="notion-inline-code">media</code> 共享文件夹目录映射到 MP 中，提供给 MP 进行媒体文件管理，同时也是作为 Jellyfin 和 qBittorrent 等相关应用的媒体库目录，读者不需要修改。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-23c8182321b8807f990ae5363c92fcc8" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>重启时自动更新</b></code>：是否自动更新 MP，默认为 <code class="notion-inline-code">false</code> ，表示不自动更新；如果选择 <code class="notion-inline-code">release</code> ，表示自动更新 MP 并且更新分支为<code class="notion-inline-code">release</code> 。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-23c8182321b88094873ac787d1593b21" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>Github 代理地址</b></code>：如果读者所在的网络环境无法正常访问 Github，那么建议保持这里的默认配置不用变。读者可以通过这个<a class="notion-link" href="https://ghproxy.link/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">🔗链接</a>去查看可以使用的镜像地址，然后复制粘贴到模板中。<b>如果读者所在的网络环境有代理，可以使得 MP 正常访问 Github，那么请删除这里的默认值（或删掉此项配置）。</b></li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-23c8182321b8808a8e4ee09952342d53" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>网络代理</b></code> ：访问 themoviedb 或者重启更新需要使用代理访问，格式为 <code class="notion-inline-code">http(s)://ip:port</code>、<code class="notion-inline-code">socks5://user:pass@host:port</code>、<code class="notion-inline-code">socks5h://user:pass@host:port</code> 。</li></ol><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1308182321b88011ab5efb54ab40bf14"><summary>💡<span class="notion-blue"> MP 站点认证说明</span></summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1308182321b880758a55deb968c24334">MP 需要经过站点认证后，才能使用站点相关功能：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1bc8182321b88026a1abc9b874e2c6f1"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A63ee47d1-fc30-4545-9f8b-807f16883afc%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=1bc81823-21b8-8026-a1ab-c9b874e2c6f1&amp;t=1bc81823-21b8-8026-a1ab-c9b874e2c6f1" alt="没有认证会有系统提示" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">没有认证会有系统提示</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b8804088a8e44950580458">如果没有经过认证，那么“站点管理”中站点相关的功能会受限：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1678182321b880548e57f21b7f0f956b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fd897f6bc-7798-4b2c-9993-c01a29b84edb%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16781823-21b8-8054-8e57-f21b7f0f956b&amp;t=16781823-21b8-8054-8e57-f21b7f0f956b&amp;width=2136&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1308182321b88064a668d5361db4c5e0">MP 官方文档的<span class="notion-blue"><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/configuration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">环境变量</a></b></span>说明中，提供了以下相关站点的认证功能（也就是说如果你有下面相关站点的账号，那么可以通过对应的站点进行认证）：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b880558035e634fdf27ad5"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F824b9c20-bb58-4418-af4a-718c3eb4c068%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-8055-8035-e634fdf27ad5&amp;t=16681823-21b8-8055-8035-e634fdf27ad5&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="地址：https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/configuration" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">地址：<a class="notion-link" href="https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/configuration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/configuration</a></figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1698182321b880e6a415c53068f697a6">以下是 MP 所支持通过站点认证的站点列表清单（最新的清单请以 MP 的官方文档为准）：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-1698182321b880bfbfb0ca5a4611fbff"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-9a0d61f31ca143d88384aaeb6bbef319"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">站点名称</div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">认证站点</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">站点认证-用户ID</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">站点认证-密钥</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-bebf273deb724091b8ea23f3ebe6a032"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://hhanclub.top/login.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">憨憨PT</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">hhclub</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">HHCLUB_USERNAME</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">HHCLUB_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b8801da3aaf0b4a1d5194e"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://audiences.me/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">观众</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">audiences</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">AUDIENCES_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">AUDIENCES_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b8800e95b4f6303277bd89"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.hddolby.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">高清杜比</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">hddolby</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">HDFANS_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">HDFANS_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b88095af4ef9ea1acfc7d8"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://zmpt.cc/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">织梦</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">zmpt</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">ZMPT_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">ZMPT_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b88094a2f7ef60f64384d5"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://pt.0ff.cc/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">自由农场</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">freefarm</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">FREEFARM_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">FREEFARM_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b880b495b5f864662393e9"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://hdfans.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">红豆饭</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">hdfans</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">HDFANS_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">HDFANS_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b880d7a248cc9f6bf6d5f3"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://wintersakura.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">冬樱</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">wintersakura</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">WINTERSAKURA_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">WINTERSAKURA_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b8803ebff5c888fd872334"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://leaves.red/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">红叶</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">leaves</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">LEAVES_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">LEAVES_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b88002a057ccf4e05b0b79"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://1ptba.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">壹PT吧</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">ptba</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">PTBA_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">PTBA_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b8805bb7e5dd663ac7afd3"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.icc2022.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">冰淇淋</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">icc2022</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">ICC2022_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">ICC2022_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b880e99490fa783296dd02"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://xingtan.one/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">杏坛</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">xingtan</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">XINGTAN_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">XINGTAN_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b88028af4fdeb3f2059820"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://ptvicomo.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">象岛</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">ptvicomo</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">PTVICOMO_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">PTVICOMO_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b8807db46add3613aad1e3"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://new.agsvpt.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">末日</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">agsvpt</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">AGSVPT_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">AGSVPT_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b880f98432c37f8bc57bbc"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.hdkyl.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">麒麟</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">hdkyl</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">HDKYL_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">HDKYL_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b8806c8d6ecb4dbf09a4af"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.qingwapt.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">青蛙</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">qingwa</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">QINGWA_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">QINGWA_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b8804a9180fe20a7b6c340"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://discfan.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">碟粉/港知堂</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">discfan</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">DISCFAN_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">DISCFAN_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b880778321f981e1910c66"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.haidan.video" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">海胆</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">haidan</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">HAIDAN_ID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">HAIDAN_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1698182321b880cd9d5cf2b7f1dfb13b"><td class="notion-simple-table-header-cell" style="width:121.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="https://rousi.zip/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">肉丝</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:170.00518798828125px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">rousi</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">ROUSI_UID</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">ROUSI_PASSKEY</code></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-1308182321b88025bac2ca8356407515"><b>⚠️ 请读者记住：</b>使用不同的站点进行认证，那么安装模板中的 <code class="notion-inline-code">认证站点</code>、<code class="notion-inline-code">站点认证-用户ID</code> 和 <code class="notion-inline-code">站点认证-密钥</code> 这三个参数所设置的内容是不一样的，请大家仔细对照上面的站点清单，去选择对应的变量进行配置，具体操作方法请看下面的两个例子：</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1308182321b880fc8a9be1120729a1fc"><summary><s>1️⃣ PT 站点认证</s></summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1698182321b8806db29ed5feebbe6fab">例如，假设读者拥有 hhclub（憨憨PT）这个站点的账号，此时需要编辑安装模板中的对应参数：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88051a0e0e518e0a638e8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F5f16c772-e06f-43c4-8d35-9524bc6aaaca%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8051-a0e0-e518e0a638e8&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8051-a0e0-e518e0a638e8&amp;width=624.0364379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="1. 选择 hhclub 作为认证站点" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">1. 选择 <code class="notion-inline-code">hhclub</code> 作为认证站点</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88021a993f5fff3d3f9d1"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2efbb04c-5cc8-4a17-8a3d-e21af8b966b7%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8021-a993-f5fff3d3f9d1&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8021-a993-f5fff3d3f9d1&amp;width=624.0364379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="2. 编辑用户 ID 的变量值" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">2. 编辑用户 ID 的变量值</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-16e8182321b8807e95fbcc4e4066d356">在 PT 站点的个人用户信息面板中，可以获取用户的 ID/UID ：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-16e8182321b8806aa035de3945066677"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2b3b3ccd-5b79-48d7-89af-71dc43b2055d%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16e81823-21b8-806a-a035-de3945066677&amp;t=16e81823-21b8-806a-a035-de3945066677&amp;width=624.0234375&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1308182321b8806e92aafe9dbaa789dc"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fde197fab-09c5-4e21-a698-996536ebadd2%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=13081823-21b8-806e-92aa-fe9dbaa789dc&amp;t=13081823-21b8-806e-92aa-fe9dbaa789dc&amp;width=624.0103759765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="3.  键 输入变量名，值 输入实际用户 ID 值（从站点中获取）" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">3.  <code class="notion-inline-code">键</code> 输入变量名，<code class="notion-inline-code">值</code> 输入实际用户 ID 值（从站点中获取）</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880c38118cca8fb998b5a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F1b142c47-271b-4597-b3fb-af360672ea22%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80c3-8118-cca8fb998b5a&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80c3-8118-cca8fb998b5a&amp;width=624.0364379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="4. 编辑站点密钥的变量" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">4. 编辑站点密钥的变量</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-16e8182321b880c99639e45e30f454fa">在 PT 站点的控制面板中，可以获取用户的密钥：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-16e8182321b8809bb535f86ab1cea21b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe0d24c32-25c0-42c6-83ba-e6a0b13c09b2%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16e81823-21b8-809b-b535-f86ab1cea21b&amp;t=16e81823-21b8-809b-b535-f86ab1cea21b&amp;width=624.0364379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1308182321b88082b02dc5395d835cba"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F77758afd-6fe4-4578-9a8c-7b1a6a84ce1b%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=13081823-21b8-8082-b02d-c5395d835cba&amp;t=13081823-21b8-8082-b02d-c5395d835cba&amp;width=624.0103759765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="5. 键 输入变量名，值 输入实际用户密钥值（从站点个人中心获取）" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">5. <code class="notion-inline-code">键</code> 输入变量名，<code class="notion-inline-code">值</code> 输入实际用户密钥值（从站点个人中心获取）</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1308182321b8804ca749f45da245c608">修改完成后效果如下图所示：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880f1b4e6ef485104d406"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Ffc7a45d9-9b3a-4651-80d9-86ee1d4d390c%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80f1-b4e6-ef485104d406&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80f1-b4e6-ef485104d406&amp;width=624.0234375&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1698182321b88011bbbcec1eb5dd303d">最后进行安装即可。</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1678182321b88034a532ecc89cfd3db9"><summary><s>2️⃣ IYUU 认证</s></summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1678182321b88014b493d71b8080eed8"><s>如果读者并没有以上可以进行认证的站点，那么可以采用 IYUU 认证的方式进行认证。</s></div><div class="notion-callout notion-yellow_background_co notion-block-16e8182321b880b188fcd14fb7077613"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="💡">💡</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-8edfa97154e14fcfb49890c693996c5b">经测试，IYUU 目前也需要绑定站点才能进行 MP 认证。所以目前实际上也只能是通过 PT 站点才能进行认了。</div></div></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1698182321b88071890ff38a7fc5ca6a">首先，前往 <a class="notion-link" href="https://iyuu.cn/app/user/login" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IYUU 登录界面</a>，微信扫码登录后，通过公众号获取令牌（Token）：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-16e8182321b8803cb11bdf186ffb0526"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F9c0f8233-f607-4590-aeb7-cf3da1f3229e%2FSnipaste_2025-01-01_16-15-01.png?table=block&amp;id=16e81823-21b8-803c-b11b-df186ffb0526&amp;t=16e81823-21b8-803c-b11b-df186ffb0526&amp;width=531.0243530273438&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-16e8182321b88069b708f417e3599b63"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F0bc11bc8-84ec-4eea-82c8-719e9d96ac00%2FSnipaste_2025-01-01_16-17-41.png?table=block&amp;id=16e81823-21b8-8069-b708-f417e3599b63&amp;t=16e81823-21b8-8069-b708-f417e3599b63&amp;width=531.0330200195312&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-16e8182321b8807e9523da0623becf82">然后修改 MP  模板中的相关参数：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1678182321b88004b0f3f0a9c91a1ad9"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Ff0a16316-ef80-430b-931f-847670ae4e3d%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16781823-21b8-8004-b0f3-f0a9c91a1ad9&amp;t=16781823-21b8-8004-b0f3-f0a9c91a1ad9&amp;width=624.0103759765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="站点认证-用户ID 这一参数留空，不需要填写" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption"><code class="notion-inline-code">站点认证-用户ID</code> 这一参数留空，不需要填写</figcaption></div></figure></div></details><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-1bc8182321b880afb898c5c4dd434a2a"/><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b88089bf97e804b5efd098">🗓️ <b>2025/3/20 更新站点认证方法：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b880059309c40cc49736af">根据评论区朋友的提醒，目前 MP 最新版已经可以不通过变量进行用户认证，因此博主已经将 MP 的安装模板进行调整，去掉站点认证相关的配置，降低配置复杂度。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1bc8182321b88062b0d8f67dd02fbffa"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aeca1a27e-ddeb-4d4f-816d-8fecf0481534%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=1bc81823-21b8-8062-b0d8-f67dd02fbffa&amp;t=1bc81823-21b8-8062-b0d8-f67dd02fbffa" alt="官方说明：https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/configuration" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">官方说明：<a class="notion-link" href="https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/configuration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/configuration</a></figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b880829449dfdbf94755eb">首次使用时，用户可以通过点击头像进行用户认证：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1bc8182321b880bdb647cd1c8896caba"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:440.98486328125px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A9d187b56-b8fb-4996-af38-8c5e2b46f6cb%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=1bc81823-21b8-80bd-b647-cd1c8896caba&amp;t=1bc81823-21b8-80bd-b647-cd1c8896caba" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b880f0b601e536225fc64f">选择自己拥有的站点进行认证：</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1bc8182321b8807d8d12d6be55c193be"><summary>获取 PT 站点用于认证的信息</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b8809582f1d455f60cc80f">例如，假设读者拥有 HHClub（憨憨PT）这个站点的账号，那么首先在 PT 站点的<b>个人信息面板</b>中，获取用户的 ID/UID ：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1bc8182321b880939ed5c0d4effa4a54"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2b3b3ccd-5b79-48d7-89af-71dc43b2055d%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=1bc81823-21b8-8093-9ed5-c0d4effa4a54&amp;t=1bc81823-21b8-8093-9ed5-c0d4effa4a54&amp;width=624.0234375&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b8806d9248da8206b91608">在 PT 站点的<b>控制面板</b>中，获取用户的密钥：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1bc8182321b88083840be7ef213ee130"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe0d24c32-25c0-42c6-83ba-e6a0b13c09b2%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=1bc81823-21b8-8083-840b-e7ef213ee130&amp;t=1bc81823-21b8-8083-840b-e7ef213ee130&amp;width=624.0364379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b880149668e98ccb01fe88">然后将用户 ID/UID 和密钥分别填入 MP 站点认证框。</div></div></details><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1bc8182321b880778df7ce6c73a8323b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ab3472618-ed59-49ba-99a7-a325962d68d7%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=1bc81823-21b8-8077-8df7-ce6c73a8323b&amp;t=1bc81823-21b8-8077-8df7-ce6c73a8323b" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b8802bb877ec1c7a0b8ecb">也可以通过 IYUU 进行认证：</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1bc8182321b88017b6e2e31922b4cc6b"><summary>IYUU 认证方法</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b8805a94fece00ab3cab8d">首先，前往 <a class="notion-link" href="https://iyuu.cn/app/user/login" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IYUU 登录界面</a>，微信扫码登录后，通过公众号获取令牌（Token）即可用于认证：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1bc8182321b880998696f4807299a743"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F9c0f8233-f607-4590-aeb7-cf3da1f3229e%2FSnipaste_2025-01-01_16-15-01.png?table=block&amp;id=1bc81823-21b8-8099-8696-f4807299a743&amp;t=1bc81823-21b8-8099-8696-f4807299a743&amp;width=531.0243530273438&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1bc8182321b88085917cd71b3d9fda15"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F0bc11bc8-84ec-4eea-82c8-719e9d96ac00%2FSnipaste_2025-01-01_16-17-41.png?table=block&amp;id=1bc81823-21b8-8085-917c-d71b3d9fda15&amp;t=1bc81823-21b8-8085-917c-d71b3d9fda15&amp;width=531.0330200195312&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1bc8182321b880cb8a63eee8bef0fcaf"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A36a4dceb-3949-4fb0-9fdd-1ea5ba73ace9%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=1bc81823-21b8-80cb-8a63-eee8bef0fcaf&amp;t=1bc81823-21b8-80cb-8a63-eee8bef0fcaf" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1bc8182321b88003acffe8f80c1cb623">认证成功后会进行提示并要求重新登录：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1bc8182321b880b59773ee8908cebd60"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A4ba002ab-8308-4243-b8fa-11953cf26ea5%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=1bc81823-21b8-80b5-9773-ee8908cebd60&amp;t=1bc81823-21b8-80b5-9773-ee8908cebd60" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b880b68bdaeee75527ed9c"><summary><span class="notion-blue">💡 高级参数设置说明</span></summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b8805686a9c4ab42746492">点击 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>显示更多设置…</b></code><b> </b>：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88088b270ff18d3f0f1a6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F8f7fdc3d-d174-48a8-86cf-370769ba6b1a%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8088-b270-ff18d3f0f1a6&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8088-b270-ff18d3f0f1a6&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8805cac78f19ff28ebb9f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F180ae9fd-fbb0-4709-ba01-7ebffd98e6d5%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-805c-ac78-f19ff28ebb9f&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-805c-ac78-f19ff28ebb9f&amp;width=652.03125&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b8804a81eae47a9330f09b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>用户ID</b></code><b>：</b>在 Unraid 中，除非 Docker 应用有特殊要求，否则用户 ID 一律使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">99</code> 即可。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880d8bcd5d2afc446a22d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>组ID</b></code><b>：</b>在 Unraid 中，除非 Docker 应用有特殊要求，否则组 ID 一律使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">100</code> 即可。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b88071bb9ad697f0153dca" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>掩码权限</b></code><b>（UMASK）</b>：不清楚 UMASK 的，使用默认的 <code class="notion-inline-code">002</code> 即可。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880aa8295f8dc5f1a06e1" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>配置文件</b></code>：MP 配置文件的存储位置，默认保存在 appdata 文件夹下面，有需求的自行修改，新手保持默认即可。</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880869fe3e64569ef1b8f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>浏览器内核</b></code><b>：</b>MP 在初始化的时候会下载 chrome 浏览器内核进行使用，如果不进行持久化，那么当重新安装容器的时候会重新下载浏览器内核，因此有必要进行持久化。新手不保持默认即可。</li></ol><ol start="6" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b8800ebac2d4d80458ffce" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>网页端口</b></code>（端口映射）：MP WEB 服务的端口映射，默认为 3000 端口。如果你 3000 端口已经被占用了，那么可以修改这里的 3000 为其他的至值，例如 3003 。</li></ol><ol start="7" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880b596dadcdf43ddb454" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>WEB 服务端口</b></code>（变量）<b>：</b>WEB 服务端口的变量值，默认为 3000，不需要修改。</li></ol></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b880449aa1f790f3d91ff4">上述配置参数配置好之后，直接点击 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>应用</b></code> 进行安装即可：</div><div class="notion-sync-block notion-block-1668182321b880d3a851d4853cae9fea"><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b880e48227f2cc01be1c4a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe2cc9df3-b49b-4a5b-8d13-8fce9c1039b7%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-80e4-8227-f2cc01be1c4a&amp;t=16681823-21b8-80e4-8227-f2cc01be1c4a&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1308182321b880c5b380fb05b3efb948"><summary>2️⃣ 安装 Jellyfin</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8800cb178d89b38918367"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F379f5987-8e4e-47eb-a3f8-6acc506d1cb2%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-800c-b178-d89b38918367&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-800c-b178-d89b38918367&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8806b88ffccee95db8990"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2307a350-424e-4c16-bb9b-59ce5ebee032%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-806b-88ff-ccee95db8990&amp;t=16681823-21b8-806b-88ff-ccee95db8990&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b88056a29cefd7a3228a13" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>网页界面 WebUI</b></code>（端口映射）：Jellyfin 的 WEB 端口号，默认为 <code class="notion-inline-code">8096</code>，如果此端口号已经被占用，修改为其他的端口。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b88095a7e7d8434c8fd056" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>媒体库</b></code>：这里的值为先前已经创建好的 <code class="notion-inline-code">media</code> 共享文件夹的路径，并映射到 QB 容器中的 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media</code> 目录，读者不需要修改。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880668372d64378b4c94a" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>核显驱动</b></code>：用于添加核显驱动，实现 GPU 加速。如果你用的是 N 卡，那么参考此篇文章<a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/nvidia-gpu-transcoding-for-docker" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《新手教程：给Docker添加Nvidia显卡硬解》</a>里的方法添加独显硬件加速。<b>如果说你的 CPU 没有核显，那么请点击 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>移除</b></code><b> 按钮，删除此项配置，否则 Jellyfin 将无法正常安装。</b></li></ol><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b880deac27e36b1fdcb523"><summary>点击 <code class="notion-inline-code">显示更多设置 …</code> 可以配置更多选项</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b8806ba4d1c959628793fc">对于新手，不需要修改这里的配置，直接使用博主已经配置好的参数即可。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880e68fa5e3ee9abb5c5f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F8b3a2aaa-d1ee-4819-abe0-6143f6de85c3%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80e6-8fa5-e3ee9abb5c5f&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80e6-8fa5-e3ee9abb5c5f&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b88053b746cc29c9e5f5d9">上述配置参数配置好之后，直接点击 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>应用</b></code> 进行安装即可：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1678182321b8809e8c20e92d189b55f9"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe1daf70b-ec05-4be2-bf5c-24ea78c71dfd%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16781823-21b8-809e-8c20-e92d189b55f9&amp;t=16781823-21b8-809e-8c20-e92d189b55f9&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1308182321b8803db8b1c5ddabc94aba"><summary>3️⃣ 安装 qBittorrent</summary><div><div class="notion-callout notion-yellow_background_co notion-block-15d8182321b8804b9340f93990370abf"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="💡">💡</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-a1640dfa92c8468b95493ccbecef0c91">考虑到兼容性问题，模板所使用的 QB 版本是 <code class="notion-inline-code">4.6.7</code>（目前最新是 <code class="notion-inline-code">5.X</code> ）。如果读者有需要，请自行在模板中修改镜像 <a class="notion-link" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/qbittorrent/tags" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TAG</a>，例如 <code class="notion-inline-code">linuxserver/qbittorrent:latest</code> 。</div></div></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880abbd57d9e3edf505f3"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fdb46bf59-e39e-4c08-8858-eebc17a2c521%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80ab-bd57-d9e3edf505f3&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80ab-bd57-d9e3edf505f3&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1678182321b8808f8b1ee041fac78750"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Ff03355c6-03d1-4cb7-bbb6-c3a4a30a6bdd%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16781823-21b8-808f-8b1e-e041fac78750&amp;t=16781823-21b8-808f-8b1e-e041fac78750&amp;width=680.0130004882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="4.6.7 是 QB 最后一个 4.X 版本" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption"><code class="notion-inline-code">4.6.7</code> 是 QB 最后一个 <code class="notion-inline-code">4.X</code> 版本</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1838182321b8806f995ac3ce016f7bad"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F92f84e16-6ce3-4ab9-b1d0-e2d17f748702%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=18381823-21b8-806f-995a-c3ce016f7bad&amp;t=18381823-21b8-806f-995a-c3ce016f7bad&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880a599ceebf3257b0bb0" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>网页界面 WebUI</b></code>（端口映射）：QB 的网页服务监听端口，默认为 <code class="notion-inline-code">8080</code>，如果 <code class="notion-inline-code">8080</code> 端口已经被占用，可以修改为其他的端口号，例如 <code class="notion-inline-code">8070</code> 。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880169247c05bdeba5615" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>BT 下载端口-TCP</b></code>（端口映射）：QB 用于 BT/PT 下载的 <b>TCP</b> 端口，这里博主配置了容器内部 <code class="notion-inline-code">61881</code> 映射到宿主机的 <code class="notion-inline-code">61881</code> 端口，可以不用修改直接使用。具体作用请参考下文的<b>“3. 配置 qBittorrent  - 3️⃣ 配置端口转发（有公网 IP 情况下）”</b>说明。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b88016b25efe5eeb42c4dc" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>BT 下载端口-UDP</b></code>（端口映射）<b>：</b>QB 用于 BT/PT 下载的 <b>UDP</b> 端口，这里博主配置了容器内部 <code class="notion-inline-code">61881</code> 映射到宿主机的 <code class="notion-inline-code">61881</code> 端口，可以不用修改直接使用。具体作用请参考下文<b>“3. 配置 qBittorrent  - 3️⃣ 配置端口转发（有公网 IP 情况下）”</b>说明。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880e090e0de835a77801c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>下载路径</b></code><b>：</b>这里的值为先前已经创建好的 <code class="notion-inline-code">media</code> 共享文件夹的路径，并映射到 QB 容器中的 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media</code> 目录，读者不需要修改。</li></ol><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b8805fb9bff9c979251704"><summary>点击 <code class="notion-inline-code">显示更多设置 …</code> 可以配置更多选项</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b8806a903af6f9b75dd777">对于新手，不需要修改这里的配置，直接使用博主已经配置好的参数即可。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1698182321b880ad9c24f26dde31595a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F5084696a-e18c-4f59-901b-1a19725c2471%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16981823-21b8-80ad-9c24-f26dde31595a&amp;t=16981823-21b8-80ad-9c24-f26dde31595a&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1698182321b880ea98d7dcb6020347f7">可以补充的是，下载端口变量（ <code class="notion-inline-code">TORRENTING_PORT</code> ）这一个参数的作用是告诉 QB 使用哪一个端口来作为下载端口，当添加了此参数之后，QB 会自动修改内部所监听的下载端口，不需要手动修改，否则默认情况下将会使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">6881</code> 来作为下载端口。</div></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b8804c80a1d5c959a72c00">上述配置参数配置好之后，直接点击 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>应用</b></code> 进行安装即可：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1838182321b880d99207c53a9ed98706"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe1c59ff1-7fbe-4d96-81fd-dbd24d450058%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=18381823-21b8-80d9-9207-c53a9ed98706&amp;t=18381823-21b8-80d9-9207-c53a9ed98706&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1638182321b880f1897efd9618874b85"><summary>⚠️ 目录映射说明</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1638182321b8808da668dfe6d7cd19b3"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fec48f336-d91b-40b7-8a49-e5f36b8dc8a5%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16381823-21b8-808d-a668-dfe6d7cd19b3&amp;t=16381823-21b8-808d-a668-dfe6d7cd19b3&amp;width=2532&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1638182321b88039af36ec47ce526ed1">在博主提供的安装模板中，这三个工具都将 <code class="notion-inline-code">/mnt/user/media</code> 映射到了容器内的 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media</code> 文件夹：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1638182321b8806c8ec7ecae7cdafcdd">之所以这么配置，是为了方便后续在各个工具内配置媒体库或下载目录的时候能够统一，<b>大家只需要记住：后续不管在哪个容器内配置目录的时候，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>/media</b></code><b> 文件夹都对应了 Unraid 上面的 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>/mnt/user/media</b></code><b> 文件夹。</b></div></div></details><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-15d8182321b880568d39c1b086666792" data-id="15d8182321b880568d39c1b086666792"><span><div id="15d8182321b880568d39c1b086666792" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#15d8182321b880568d39c1b086666792" title="3. 配置 qBittorrent"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. 配置 qBittorrent</span></span></h2><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b880468ab2e5c7b6007e08"><summary>1️⃣ 获取 QB 初始账号密码</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b88069933dc4723837a71d">点击容器 → 日志：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880008fdbe9d2c8790e63"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:514.9869384765625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe65daf60-9ec7-4143-be41-440129a5b570%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8000-8fdb-e9d2c8790e63&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8000-8fdb-e9d2c8790e63&amp;width=514.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8804db8daeab40e330937"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fffb3f662-b0d1-487c-b3d0-7f98fd4bf99e%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-804d-b8da-eab40e330937&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-804d-b8da-eab40e330937&amp;width=707.9817504882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b8808787c8eb590e2c941f">打开后台界面：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880aba1cfc25245ba65f1"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:314px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F7b77816c-898d-4813-8d1e-d8439fc44ab8%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80ab-a1cf-c25245ba65f1&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80ab-a1cf-c25245ba65f1&amp;width=314&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b880a09b20ebe6adec6e7f">输入默认账号和初始密码进行登录：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880908424d3c6cde493fd"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fa8983b55-02c1-45f3-ab24-0d0aa4907ad7%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8090-8424-d3c6cde493fd&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8090-8424-d3c6cde493fd&amp;width=652.0051879882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b8801ea1d4d667ecce3614"><summary>2️⃣ 配置中文界面并修改密码</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b8801ba8ebffb750a4cd68">点击菜单栏 <code class="notion-inline-code">Tools -Options</code> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8807691b7c2ccd0e836a7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:651.9921875px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F64951e22-4673-4f0e-86ed-e21ae80ebcc0%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8076-91b7-c2ccd0e836a7&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8076-91b7-c2ccd0e836a7&amp;width=651.9921875&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880bf90b5c1278e68970d"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F13d80ab1-34d7-4b00-81fe-adf40fd4e7c7%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80bf-90b5-c1278e68970d&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80bf-90b5-c1278e68970d&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880f5aff8f825dd2d7a1f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F7695426b-62c1-408f-8e07-393be4eb47ec%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80f5-aff8-f825dd2d7a1f&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80f5-aff8-f825dd2d7a1f&amp;width=652.0051879882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b880adbca0ebb05edb95a7"><b>⚠️ 重点：</b>在更改界面语言后，请及时修改初始密码为其他密码。否则，如果你忘记初始密码，将无法找回，因为 QB 不会再次显示初始密码：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880bb9173c8a6377203a6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fa99389a1-4b89-458e-97e8-e81df54f69c8%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80bb-9173-c8a6377203a6&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80bb-9173-c8a6377203a6&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="修改好后记得点击保存" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">修改好后记得点击保存</figcaption></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b880458ef4fb9249edf407"><summary>3️⃣ 配置端口转发（有公网 IP 情况下）</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1698182321b880d0bbb7ca3faa577a32"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F96f3596f-58b4-4e10-8a6e-69d108f25bc5%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16981823-21b8-80d0-bbb7-ca3faa577a32&amp;t=16981823-21b8-80d0-bbb7-ca3faa577a32&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1618182321b880349ff7ea42c8e1ecaf">由于 QB 模板中用了 Bridge 网络模式，并且将容器内的 <code class="notion-inline-code">61881</code> 端口映射到了 Unraid 上面的 <code class="notion-inline-code">61881</code> 端口，因此如果大家有公网 IP 地址，那么此时你需要去路由器上面做端口映射，将 Unraid 的 <code class="notion-inline-code">61881</code> 端口号映射到公网上，以此确保 QB 可以正常上传和下载。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1698182321b88098a48ddf388af66d58">这里以 iKuai 为例，介绍如何添加端口映射：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1618182321b8807c8610cb2183d15382"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fbd445b9b-f152-4f6d-80bb-6529e3b1671d%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16181823-21b8-807c-8610-cb2183d15382&amp;t=16181823-21b8-807c-8610-cb2183d15382&amp;width=680.0130004882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="在端口映射功能中新添加一条映射规则" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">在端口映射功能中新添加一条映射规则</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1618182321b880a48c3ecedce6a9af90"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F1e9b83f8-ff9f-4e28-a763-55ab34f0fcab%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16181823-21b8-80a4-8c3e-cedce6a9af90&amp;t=16181823-21b8-80a4-8c3e-cedce6a9af90&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1618182321b8807aa62ed994d9c97d0e">另外需要说明的是，如果 QB 使用的是固定 IP 地址，例如：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1618182321b8801d8128f49293c77fa2"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F29f20292-ec76-4208-ba04-33868d44304e%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16181823-21b8-801d-8128-f49293c77fa2&amp;t=16181823-21b8-801d-8128-f49293c77fa2&amp;width=679.9739379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1618182321b8808e95f2e1c823479f64">那么在端口转发配置中，需要将端口转发的对象，由 Unraid 更改为 QB 的实际 IP 地址。</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b880729a5ed0f058346a9c"><summary>4️⃣ 配置下载路径</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1638182321b88072be63ee0b28877bdd"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F44ba5138-4393-4568-8aab-6f3439ed3943%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16381823-21b8-8072-be63-ee0b28877bdd&amp;t=16381823-21b8-8072-be63-ee0b28877bdd&amp;width=680.0130004882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="在 下载 选项卡中，建议将图片所示的两处选项打上勾" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">在 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>下载</b></code> 选项卡中，建议将图片所示的两处选项打上勾</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b880a994a2c9ff8ea790f1">将 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>默认保存路径</b></code> 修改为 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media/download</code> 路径，也就是说 QB 在下载的时候，在没有提供下载路径时，QB 默认会将文件下载到 Unraid 上面的 <code class="notion-inline-code">/mnt/user/media/download</code> 文件夹，以确保文件可以正确存储到 Unraid 中。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-1698182321b88076b198e5599de636cc"><div>如果说你没有配置正确下载路径，那么 QB 在下载文件的时候，就会把文件存储在 Unraid 上的 <code class="notion-inline-code">docker.img</code> 文件中。所以如果系统提示你 <code class="notion-inline-code">docker.img</code> 空间不足，那么你就要考虑是不是没有将 Unraid 的存储路径正确映射到 QB，或者说 QB 没有正确配置下载路径，导致文件没有存储在 Unraid 的存储池中，进而导致 <code class="notion-inline-code">docker.img</code> 文件越来越大。</div></blockquote></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1698182321b880968255d1b828fc27d1"><summary>5️⃣ 手机端 APP 介绍</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1698182321b88075b8b0cb65ae16888f">有时候我们希望通过手机 APP 对 QB 进行管理（发起下载、暂停、删除等），那么此时我们可以通过第三方开发者开发的各种 APP 进行远程链接，方便我们在内网或外网通过手机进行管理。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1748182321b8809bb982d00ce0a5eaeb"><summary>🍎 IOS/MacOS 端：以 Transmission Hub 为例</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1748182321b88036a2bee65f1b0eabca">Transmission Hub 是一款国人开发的，支持 Transmission、QB 和 Aria2 远程管理的客户端，并且还支持手动添加 RSS 订阅进行远程下载。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1748182321b880b6859cd0b929973928">客户端目前需要收费才可以使用诸如添加任务、移动任务、重命名任务等一些功能，价格为 ￥12/年（终身 ￥48）。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b8805ab8c2ebf22b79b2e8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F892a8f59-4f5b-4866-b5d7-37b236d2478f%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-49-19.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-805a-b8c2-ebf22b79b2e8&amp;t=17481823-21b8-805a-b8c2-ebf22b79b2e8&amp;width=559.0191040039062&amp;cache=v2" alt="AppStore" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">AppStore</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b880cf9bc5cd5de5d87f6c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F0b5de777-2f8e-4d0f-955d-5b6c765391b6%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-48-29.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-80cf-9bc5-cd5de5d87f6c&amp;t=17481823-21b8-80cf-9bc5-cd5de5d87f6c&amp;width=559.0191040039062&amp;cache=v2" alt="收费价格" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">收费价格</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b880c586b4c28a97758de0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F6a83e70a-81f0-4c0e-8c1a-749297a79df7%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-55-47.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-80c5-86b4-c28a97758de0&amp;t=17481823-21b8-80c5-86b4-c28a97758de0&amp;width=559.0191040039062&amp;cache=v2" alt="添加 QB 的方法很简单，参照图片的步骤即可" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">添加 QB 的方法很简单，参照图片的步骤即可</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b8808fa18dc86c9019287b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F22b0c888-0fe8-4919-b9bd-b59461cb577f%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-47-28.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-808f-a18d-c86c9019287b&amp;t=17481823-21b8-808f-a18d-c86c9019287b&amp;width=559.0191040039062&amp;cache=v2" alt="添加成功后" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">添加成功后</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b88010bc64fbd56678b298"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Ff342134e-df6a-4d42-bb9c-08212786b5fd%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-47-51.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-8010-bc64-fbd56678b298&amp;t=17481823-21b8-8010-bc64-fbd56678b298&amp;width=559.0191040039062&amp;cache=v2" alt="种子界面" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">种子界面</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b880d495a5f9f7328620cb"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fbe7dd77c-4207-4ff7-8ff0-fef6f7dc4458%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-47-43.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-80d4-95a5-f9f7328620cb&amp;t=17481823-21b8-80d4-95a5-f9f7328620cb&amp;width=559.02783203125&amp;cache=v2" alt="可手动导入 RSS 订阅" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">可手动导入 RSS 订阅</figcaption></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1748182321b88070bd16f3b93b0e4d16"><summary>🤖 Android 端：以 qBittorrent Remote Lite 为例</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1748182321b8801992dbec55f224fc6b">qBittorrent Remote Lite ( <a class="notion-link" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=me.fengmlo.qbRemoteFree" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Google Play</a> ) 是一款好用的 QB 管理客户端，可使用的功能很多，请读者自行探索：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b88037a333c4c0ff1bcb0b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F8f7d8133-0001-49c6-98f9-355f6c4a9e62%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-15-12.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-8037-a333-c4c0ff1bcb0b&amp;t=17481823-21b8-8037-a333-c4c0ff1bcb0b&amp;width=559.02783203125&amp;cache=v2" alt="1. 点击添加服务器" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">1. 点击添加服务器</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b88063801ec21d9218fb30"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F7959bbcd-e590-479b-9265-999ddf5f875b%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-16-11.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-8063-801e-c21d9218fb30&amp;t=17481823-21b8-8063-801e-c21d9218fb30&amp;width=559.02783203125&amp;cache=v2" alt="2. 按照上述步骤添加必要的各项参数，最后点击确定" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">2. 按照上述步骤添加必要的各项参数，最后点击确定</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b88025b7ebd7557906256e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fb63b0e21-bdae-4838-9581-02bfe802a0a0%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-17-38.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-8025-b7eb-d7557906256e&amp;t=17481823-21b8-8025-b7eb-d7557906256e&amp;width=559.0191040039062&amp;cache=v2" alt="功能界面 - 1" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">功能界面 - 1</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b880119170f86b6dd89f79"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe7c4ddbf-4854-432b-a29b-158c410f3ebc%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-18-32.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-8011-9170-f86b6dd89f79&amp;t=17481823-21b8-8011-9170-f86b6dd89f79&amp;width=559.0191040039062&amp;cache=v2" alt="功能界面 - 2" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">功能界面 - 2</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b880afaaaaca269fd2192a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Feb552e86-3cd1-4672-b1bd-9ee2da9199f3%2FSnipaste_2025-01-08_00-18-55.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-80af-aaaa-ca269fd2192a&amp;t=17481823-21b8-80af-aaaa-ca269fd2192a&amp;width=559.0191040039062&amp;cache=v2" alt="功能界面 - 3" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">功能界面 - 3</figcaption></div></figure></div></details></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1748182321b880769c59dc1195e0c5e9"><summary>6️⃣ 其他</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1748182321b880e6801cf477866fd493">（正在施工 🚧 …）</div></div></details><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-15d8182321b88018b40ed894dfb5c259" data-id="15d8182321b88018b40ed894dfb5c259"><span><div id="15d8182321b88018b40ed894dfb5c259" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#15d8182321b88018b40ed894dfb5c259" title="4. 配置 Jellyfin"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4. 配置 Jellyfin</span></span></h2><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b880259b75c183bdeb5e16"><summary>1️⃣ 初始化</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1648182321b8801f8052dd7f41574650"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:314px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F29b97237-eae8-45c0-8e1b-8b66c13c5c66%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16481823-21b8-801f-8052-dd7f41574650&amp;t=16481823-21b8-801f-8052-dd7f41574650&amp;width=314&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880afa224d631a92024ac"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F282e20e0-b966-480e-b13d-3ef4ffd7ffd0%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80af-a224-d631a92024ac&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80af-a224-d631a92024ac&amp;width=679.9739379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="选择中文" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">选择中文</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880159e82df80c2291d04"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F4b79f3b7-0e38-4d86-8ba4-978b831a5627%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8015-9e82-df80c2291d04&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8015-9e82-df80c2291d04&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="设置账号密码" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">设置账号密码</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8804da494e800143d2212"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fbcae865e-a6ac-45b0-b027-6c3aa7bfac70%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-804d-a494-e800143d2212&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-804d-a494-e800143d2212&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="跳过媒体库的添加" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">跳过媒体库的添加</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88055a217e5cd7379a889"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F4002ab93-f541-43fa-a2cd-aa05d7ab68c9%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8055-a217-e5cd7379a889&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8055-a217-e5cd7379a889&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="选择中文以及中国（People’s Republic of China）" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">选择中文以及中国（People’s Republic of China）</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880678a03d986e146abfb"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fc0c282c0-316f-4c77-8dc2-d447fba35c4f%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8067-8a03-d986e146abfb&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8067-8a03-d986e146abfb&amp;width=679.9739379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="允许远程访问" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">允许远程访问</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88067b9aaeae56697fa0c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fb7e099c8-645d-49a3-8e44-38e6ff161f04%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8067-b9aa-eae56697fa0c&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8067-b9aa-eae56697fa0c&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880268142c372d8f319c1"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fc688d60a-7460-46a4-9e48-109720cbb7a8%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8026-8142-c372d8f319c1&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8026-8142-c372d8f319c1&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b88040856cf974113ff2d9"><summary>2️⃣ 创建 API 密钥以供 MP 使用</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88093a319cb3a2d497b1f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fc6c8ca63-4db4-4625-90ba-6062c2a39f49%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8093-a319-cb3a2d497b1f&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8093-a319-cb3a2d497b1f&amp;width=624.0234375&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8801da6a9c26b3ca7d0fc"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe01ee634-3908-4998-b321-2443d281fe68%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-801d-a6a9-c26b3ca7d0fc&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-801d-a6a9-c26b3ca7d0fc&amp;width=624.0103759765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88095b279f3ed2adeef0d"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fb002a680-7b24-40ed-bf94-9f82f99158bb%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8095-b279-f3ed2adeef0d&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8095-b279-f3ed2adeef0d&amp;width=624.0234375&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8807e83bdd88e76fc5f9d"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F66b6c849-7465-4420-aa22-2457b45e46d1%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-807e-83bd-d88e76fc5f9d&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-807e-83bd-d88e76fc5f9d&amp;width=624.0364379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880bab002d5d12fd9ec6e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fc2bdcf4e-fb87-4cb0-9b03-59df6b3fd01f%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80ba-b002-d5d12fd9ec6e&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80ba-b002-d5d12fd9ec6e&amp;width=624.0364379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8805dbb41ffc5ae5bfbbc"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F1b1754de-fafd-4be0-87b0-e8ab44a00a26%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-805d-bb41-ffc5ae5bfbbc&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-805d-bb41-ffc5ae5bfbbc&amp;width=624.0103759765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1678182321b8808bbe22f54afd71154e">记录下创建的密钥，在后续的配置中，我们将会把密钥填入到 MP 的媒体服务器链接设置中，具体参考后文 <a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-moviepilot-tutorial#1308182321b88032b96ddd157301dac9" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">5. 配置 MP</a> 中的内容：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880b08751c3a30e843e29"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe2fe899b-cfae-4003-b7f6-6bdedba62269%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80b0-8751-c3a30e843e29&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80b0-8751-c3a30e843e29&amp;width=624.0364379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b8803599cef950668e759e"><summary>3️⃣ 添加媒体库</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1648182321b880ea8d0fcb2a069bae10"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F7772869d-8178-46fa-bf96-fc56db19d06f%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16481823-21b8-80ea-8d0f-cb2a069bae10&amp;t=16481823-21b8-80ea-8d0f-cb2a069bae10&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1648182321b8802fb175f0b12f63cf0a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F30cb27eb-e730-4b38-9cc0-f40caf73df76%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16481823-21b8-802f-b175-f0b12f63cf0a&amp;t=16481823-21b8-802f-b175-f0b12f63cf0a&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="显示名称 可自行修改" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption"><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>显示名称</b></code> 可自行修改</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1648182321b880459aafc77ce0b3ba4c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fdbcc7393-6597-450d-b071-ee8d58ea5204%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16481823-21b8-8045-9aaf-c77ce0b3ba4c&amp;t=16481823-21b8-8045-9aaf-c77ce0b3ba4c&amp;width=680.0130004882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b880ee964ec4cf72f21436">文件夹路径需要填写 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media/link/xxx</code> ，此路径就对应了 Unraid 上的 <code class="notion-inline-code">/mnt/user/media/link/xxx</code> 文件夹，里面存储的是已经整理好的硬连接媒体文件。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b880d38b40d151cc97b461">此时只需要按需要添加对应的影音分类即可：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8807c8ea3fbde0029ddec"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fd9618827-57e1-4819-a225-eb3145deb709%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-807c-8ea3-fbde0029ddec&amp;t=16681823-21b8-807c-8ea3-fbde0029ddec&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b88053a536f2bf63e57254"><summary>4️⃣ 配置 GPU 硬件解码</summary><div><div class="notion-callout notion-yellow_background_co notion-block-1668182321b880e1bb91c4915b48128c"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="💡">💡</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-3fd877f1f5f84c06a238d828b81e9a03">需要说明的是，此项配置针对的是有 GPU 设备（核显或独显）的用户。如果读者的 Unraid 服务器没有 GPU 设备其实也不用担心，因为即使没有 GPU 设备，也只是说在 Unraid 服务器端无法提供硬件加速功能，但是在客户端（手机、电视盒子、智能电视等）往往具备硬件解码的能力，例如 IOS 设备上可以使用 Infuse 等 APP 流畅地播放任何高清电影，而不必担心因服务器端没有 GPU 设备导致无法播放影片。</div></div></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8805f9f42c36f6def29f4"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F40520dc6-c80c-4203-9a52-561e1b616e47%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-805f-9f42-c36f6def29f4&amp;t=16681823-21b8-805f-9f42-c36f6def29f4&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b88059ad61d2478ea8de60"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F76ec1f52-ba95-426f-a399-b3aa57990637%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-8059-ad61-d2478ea8de60&amp;t=16681823-21b8-8059-ad61-d2478ea8de60&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b8802989f9cab99d88ca7b">根据自己 CPU 来选择对应的硬件加速选项：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1668182321b880f2aaedefe7e5bd6dcd" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>如果你使用的是 AMD 的 CPU，那么就选择第 <code class="notion-inline-code">AMD AMF</code> ；</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1668182321b8808c8f55d30d34c58ddc" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>如果你使用的是 Nvidia 显卡，那么就选择 <code class="notion-inline-code">Nvidia NVENC</code> ；</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1668182321b8805eba2fe3b600953d6b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>如果你使用的是 Intel 的 CPU，那么就选择 <code class="notion-inline-code">Intel QuickSync（QSV）</code> ；</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1668182321b880679becc1bc5dc0f19c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">Video Acceleration API（VAAPI）</code> ：是一套 Intel 提供的视频硬件编解码的开源库和标准，虽然和 Intel QuickSync（QSV）一样都是由 Intel 提供，但是相比 QSV 在编解码效果上差一些，所以在不能正常使用 QSV 的情况下才建议去选择 VAAPI 。另外，AMD 的 CPU 也可以选择此配置。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b8805cba7dc7473c5c0bf1">需要说明的是，并不是所有的 Intel CPU 都支持 QSV，但只要不是太老的 CPU ，那么基本上都是支持的，你可以从 Intel 官方的 CPU 参数中找到是否支持 QSV ：</div><div class="notion-sync-block notion-block-1668182321b880fab8f2c4b7b3e1910e"><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-f74a59e2d3644e3dab2bc65c38bc0ed5"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Ffb879f50-b503-4981-ada5-2aae6185ed70%2FUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=f74a59e2-d364-4e3d-ab2b-c65c38bc0ed5&amp;t=f74a59e2-d364-4e3d-ab2b-c65c38bc0ed5&amp;width=645.5078125&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-16e8182321b880d8853fc92912a79ff7"><summary>Intel 核显硬件加速 QSV 设置参考</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-16e8182321b88062a047ee99605f7a5f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F376923b6-a24f-4f39-bcc5-0fdff8d012d2%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16e81823-21b8-8062-a047-ee99605f7a5f&amp;t=16e81823-21b8-8062-a047-ee99605f7a5f&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-16e8182321b880ccab3ed59a96e0f223"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F8e5ea5a5-536a-40ec-bdfd-8e23a3a36256%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16e81823-21b8-80cc-ab3e-d59a96e0f223&amp;t=16e81823-21b8-80cc-ab3e-d59a96e0f223&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b88067b5b6d6ca49c5cca9">如果核显/显卡可以正常被调用，那么你会在 <code class="notion-inline-code">播放统计</code> 信息表中看到绿色的小图标，表示 GPU 在进行硬件解码，以 Emby 为例：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8806cbb7fcc6479c8481e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:544.9869384765625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fea87dabf-4be1-4299-829e-4d1784ca4882%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-806c-bb7f-cc6479c8481e&amp;t=16681823-21b8-806c-bb7f-cc6479c8481e&amp;width=544.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b880c98f91ca3b769a56d2"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F81f23b09-6247-477e-9aac-43263ecc75be%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-80c9-8f91-ca3b769a56d2&amp;t=16681823-21b8-80c9-8f91-ca3b769a56d2&amp;width=680.0130004882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="绿色小图标" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">绿色小图标</figcaption></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1668182321b8800da673f23e384aaed4"><summary>5️⃣ 手机端 APP 介绍</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1748182321b880f0a167e251f08bf51c">除了网页播放的方式，更多时候我们都会在其他终端上面（手机、平板）进行影音播放，这里分别介绍 Apple 和 Android 平台上相应的 APP 使用方式，来指导新手朋友们通过其他终端访问自己的影音服务器。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1708182321b880d3a04cfdf7f4afbc2f"><summary>🍎 IOS/MacOS 端：以 <b>Infuse</b> 为例</summary><div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-1748182321b880909930eca37d0351af"><div>除了 Infuse 之外，还有很多诸如 VidHub、Senplayer 等相类似的支持链接到 Jellyfin/Emny 的播放器，但博主目前只用过 Infuse。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-1718182321b88019a3b5ed1081b74d65">Infuse 是一款强大高效的播放器，支持几乎所有视频文件，包括各种常见的视频格式以及蓝光原盘，例如：<code class="notion-inline-code">MKV</code>、<code class="notion-inline-code">MP4</code>、<code class="notion-inline-code">AVI</code>、<code class="notion-inline-code">ISO</code>、<code class="notion-inline-code">DVD</code>、<code class="notion-inline-code">BDMV</code> 等。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1718182321b880469aa6e330941acb79">我们可以通过 Infuse 链接到 Jellyfin ，然后在客户端（手机、iPad 或 MacOS）通过设备自身进行解码，无需服务器进行任何的硬件加速。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-1718182321b880c88cc1cd6267314431"><div>Infuse 只有在付费之后才可以进行硬件解码，所以本质上是一款收费软件。目前 Infuse 采用订阅制收费，价格 88元/年（终身 ￥698，具体实际价格以 APP 内的定价为准）。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-1718182321b88083bf9fd3777a4e5be4">打开 Infuse，新添加文件来源：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1718182321b8804ab571d3ed5627053f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:422.99481201171875px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F25350347-f65f-4377-8241-20cfc1227475%2FSnipaste_2025-01-04_14-02-46.png?table=block&amp;id=17181823-21b8-804a-b571-d3ed5627053f&amp;t=17181823-21b8-804a-b571-d3ed5627053f&amp;width=422.99481201171875&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1718182321b880cb8b18c5bb0293ffea">选择最底部的 <code class="notion-inline-code">+添加...</code> ：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1718182321b8808894dae22ec1cb635a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:422.99481201171875px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fc3906bc7-5222-49a4-a421-d6422b9db86b%2FSnipaste_2025-01-04_14-02-54.png?table=block&amp;id=17181823-21b8-8088-94da-e22ec1cb635a&amp;t=17181823-21b8-8088-94da-e22ec1cb635a&amp;width=422.99481201171875&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1718182321b8807e96d8c16a46937666">选择底部的 <code class="notion-inline-code">其他Jellyfin...</code> ：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1718182321b8808cb9b9cd3979de5ef6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:422.99481201171875px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F7104787c-d041-4f4e-8185-1bc7462344a2%2FSnipaste_2025-01-04_14-03-21.png?table=block&amp;id=17181823-21b8-808c-b9b9-cd3979de5ef6&amp;t=17181823-21b8-808c-b9b9-cd3979de5ef6&amp;width=422.99481201171875&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1718182321b880d0955be60a9fc83c34"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:471.9878845214844px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Ffbcd7c34-7863-4294-aa8b-120ce94f75e8%2FSnipaste_2025-01-04_14-04-55.png?table=block&amp;id=17181823-21b8-80d0-955b-e60a9fc83c34&amp;t=17181823-21b8-80d0-955b-e60a9fc83c34&amp;width=471.9878845214844&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1718182321b88072b645eb22d242003f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>位址</b></code> ：即 IP 地址。如果你的 Jellyfin 配置的外网访问，那么就填写上域名或者公网 IP 地址。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1718182321b8801bbfb0dbee05586e0c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>用户名</b></code>、<code class="notion-inline-code"><b>密码</b></code><b> </b>：Jellyfin 的用户账号以及密码。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1718182321b880ad81b6eaa110b97164" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>端口</b></code> ：默认情况下 Infuse 会自动为你填写为 <code class="notion-inline-code">8096</code>，但如果说在先前安装 Jellyfin 的时候，读者通过修改博主提供的 Jellyfin 模板中的端口映射为其他端口，那么这里需要对应的进行修改：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1718182321b880ad81b6eaa110b97164" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1718182321b88096b95eefce318e5de5"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2b995b2c-8e40-49b2-b948-56d3d11965e6%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=17181823-21b8-8096-b95e-efce318e5de5&amp;t=17181823-21b8-8096-b95e-efce318e5de5&amp;width=531.0330200195312&amp;cache=v2" alt="安装模板中所映射的端口号要对应到 Infuse 的设置中" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">安装模板中所映射的端口号要对应到 Infuse 的设置中</figcaption></div></figure></ol></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1718182321b880b897a2e89a33115b74" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>媒体库模式</b></code><b> </b>：开启了此设置之后，Infuse 不会自己进行刮削，而是采用 Jellyfin 中已有的元数据进行使用。<b>强烈建议开启次选项</b>，避免 Infuse 进行多余的刮削。</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1718182321b880e4922ec91228d41734" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>安装 InfuseSync 插件</b></code>：此选项默认开启，建议不要关闭。Infuse 会在 Jellyfin 中安装同步插件进行同步，可以极大地提升同步速度和效率。</li></ol><ol start="6" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1718182321b880c784d6e98d8ccb0f0f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>配置完上述设置之后，点击 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>新增</b></code><b> </b>进行连接。</li></ol></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1718182321b8807aba36f902e17add9e"><summary>🤖 Android 端：以 <b>Findroid </b>为例</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1748182321b8804d8b5cf501f095dcae">安卓平台有很多可以连接 Jellyfin 的客户端，这里以 Findroid 为例进行简单的介绍，更多的客户端 APP 可以参考下图（感谢来自 TG 频道的 <code class="notion-inline-code">Cream</code> 朋友介绍）：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1748182321b88005bcf5e6f30aab36e1"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F500b1702-b4c8-44a8-86a5-113a0d01cc86%2FSnipaste_2025-01-07_23-21-13.png?table=block&amp;id=17481823-21b8-8005-bcf5-e6f30aab36e1&amp;t=17481823-21b8-8005-bcf5-e6f30aab36e1&amp;width=559.0191040039062&amp;cache=v2" alt="图片引用 TG 频道：https://t.me/plus_emby/95" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">图片引用 TG 频道：<a class="notion-link" href="https://t.me/plus_emby/95" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://t.me/plus_emby/95</a></figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1718182321b8809a8183c91bf95254a3">Findroid 是 Jellyfin 的第三方客户端，设置很简单，方法如下：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1718182321b880aebb6fe26098331b61"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fd339150e-2521-453b-b714-a5d176d12fa0%2FSnipaste_2025-01-04_15-47-16.png?table=block&amp;id=17181823-21b8-80ae-bb6f-e26098331b61&amp;t=17181823-21b8-80ae-bb6f-e26098331b61&amp;width=559.02783203125&amp;cache=v2" alt="1. 输入服务器的 IP 地址（如果端口不是默认的 8096，则需要自行在 IP 后面添加上端口号，例如 192.168.1.3:8099 ）" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">1. 输入服务器的 IP 地址（如果端口不是默认的 8096，则需要自行在 IP 后面添加上端口号，例如 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.1.3:8099</code> ）</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1718182321b88007919bcba126fa0f66"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2200e547-6f8e-49bc-adb7-1962a2ee7a32%2FSnipaste_2025-01-04_15-47-28.png?table=block&amp;id=17181823-21b8-8007-919b-cba126fa0f66&amp;t=17181823-21b8-8007-919b-cba126fa0f66&amp;width=559.0191040039062&amp;cache=v2" alt="2. 输入账号密码进行登录即可。" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">2. 输入账号密码进行登录即可。</figcaption></div></figure></div></details></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1698182321b88093ba51d4172f9bb029"><summary>6️⃣ 其他</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1698182321b880bfbdded45870486985">（正在施工 🚧 …）</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1668182321b880cb959ffc6cc74f91f9"><summary>💡 关于硬件转码中的 <code class="notion-inline-code">低电压模式</code> 说明</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8809ba4c3fba269799ea7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2519ed9f-6960-4a39-8a21-36db5a9cb45d%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-809b-a4c3-fba269799ea7&amp;t=16681823-21b8-809b-a4c3-fba269799ea7&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b880b99f8dc7dae8271b33">在硬件加速配置选项中，如上图所示，有两个关于低电压模式的可勾选选项，这两个选项只有特定系列的 CPU 才可以支持，具体系列可以查看 Jellyfin 的<a class="notion-link" href="https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/post-install/transcoding/hardware-acceleration/intel/#low-power-encoding" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官方说明</a>：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b880709bc9df9467ddcde8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F33f31407-3f05-42dd-bf92-fcba7fbf018f%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-8070-9bc9-df9467ddcde8&amp;t=16681823-21b8-8070-9bc9-df9467ddcde8&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b880b5a2d9ced93c27ce3d">根据 Jellyfin 的官方说明，需要 Intel GPU Gen9 架构及以上才会支持低电压模式，你可以从 Wiki 中查看自己的 Intel 核显属于哪一个架构：</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-1668182321b8805fb0a5d32a736cfb40"><div>注意，这里说的 Gen9 并不是指 CPU 的架构，而是 Intel 的 GPU 系列。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-row"><a class="notion-bookmark notion-block-1668182321b88066bf46f3d0e9124adb" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Graphics_Technology#Gen9" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><div class="notion-bookmark-title">Intel Graphics Technology</div><div class="notion-bookmark-description">Intel Graphics Technology (GT) is the collective name for a series of integrated graphics processors (IGPs) produced by Intel that are manufactured on the same package or die as the central processing unit (CPU). It was first introduced in 2010 as Intel HD Graphics and renamed in 2017 as Intel UHD Graphics.</div><div class="notion-bookmark-link"><div class="notion-bookmark-link-icon"><img src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fstatic%2Fapple-touch%2Fwikipedia.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-8066-bf46-f3d0e9124adb&amp;t=16681823-21b8-8066-bf46-f3d0e9124adb" alt="Intel Graphics Technology" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div><div class="notion-bookmark-link-text">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Graphics_Technology#Gen9</div></div></div><div class="notion-bookmark-image"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F3%2F36%2FIntel_Graphics_logo.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-8066-bf46-f3d0e9124adb&amp;t=16681823-21b8-8066-bf46-f3d0e9124adb" alt="Intel Graphics Technology" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></a></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8806dbaf7ef62d58482c4"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2d1dd18a-5e8f-4184-b363-e90f130e8592%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-806d-baf7-ef62d58482c4&amp;t=16681823-21b8-806d-baf7-ef62d58482c4&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="例如 Gen9 架构" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">例如 Gen9 架构</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b8809a85e5ea83067b6231"><b>如果读者的核显可以支持低电量模式，那么请在 Unraid 的内核启动参数中添加以下参数，保存配置后重启 Unraid</b> ：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b88042b5f6e9edd3bb56fd"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F99710a71-c713-4c61-b5a2-a859f958ef5c%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-8042-b5f6-e9edd3bb56fd&amp;t=16681823-21b8-8042-b5f6-e9edd3bb56fd&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b880ec833ec5b494b21af7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F38d3b304-24f7-42bd-9968-30ad27a1d0e2%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-80ec-833e-c5b494b21af7&amp;t=16681823-21b8-80ec-833e-c5b494b21af7&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="点击 应用 保存配置" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">点击 <code class="notion-inline-code">应用</code> 保存配置</figcaption></div></figure><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-16b8182321b880f0b3f2c32b94851464"><summary>你可以通过以下方法验证配置是否生效</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-16b8182321b880ff9e3fd00c75304a62">如果输出信息中有以下关于 GuC 和 Huc 的相关信息，那就表明已经正确加载核显的 Guc/Huc 功能，可以启用 Jellyfin 或者其他影音服务器中关于核显的低电压模式硬件解码功能。</div></div></details></div></details><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-1308182321b88032b96ddd157301dac9" data-id="1308182321b88032b96ddd157301dac9"><span><div id="1308182321b88032b96ddd157301dac9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#1308182321b88032b96ddd157301dac9" title="5. 配置 MP"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5. 配置 MP</span></span></h2><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1308182321b880639e21d4e5a82dc461"><summary>1️⃣ 登录并修改密码</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1308182321b8800c9d06e291bf78b916">初次安装好 MP 后，打开 MP 的日志窗口，获取管理员初始密码：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1308182321b880af9556fa76f3777430"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:314px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F33869534-386f-4d48-be87-abb20bd0db15%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=13081823-21b8-80af-9556-fa76f3777430&amp;t=13081823-21b8-80af-9556-fa76f3777430&amp;width=314&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1308182321b880308cc3c8220c83d864"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fbc07d920-3c35-46fa-a1ea-698568b897a0%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=13081823-21b8-8030-8cc3-c8220c83d864&amp;t=13081823-21b8-8030-8cc3-c8220c83d864&amp;width=679.9739379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="把密码复制下来" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">把密码复制下来</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1308182321b8800b8c48cfa855b44ddd">打开管理界面进行登录：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1308182321b880fb8d3afb567f6b1c6d"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:314px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fad2b7b9f-0267-4395-acb8-df433c00eed3%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=13081823-21b8-80fb-8d3a-fb567f6b1c6d&amp;t=13081823-21b8-80fb-8d3a-fb567f6b1c6d&amp;width=314&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1308182321b8801c8bf2ca4c8004dcef">输入管理员账户（默认为 admin，可以在模板中自行修改）和超级管理员密码：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1308182321b880ef9479cb97bcc4a3ca"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F108cdfbb-ecbd-45aa-9e14-4b8b6fb55858%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=13081823-21b8-80ef-9479-cb97bcc4a3ca&amp;t=13081823-21b8-80ef-9479-cb97bcc4a3ca&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1308182321b88002abf5fc2113854953">成功登录后，前去修改账号密码：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1698182321b880ad91f4f09f4b514c9f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fd4057498-6052-4bbe-bee3-f6fd3999a52e%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16981823-21b8-80ad-91f4-f09f4b514c9f&amp;t=16981823-21b8-80ad-91f4-f09f4b514c9f&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1698182321b88089bb01c8ee7a607ab9"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F449cf68c-6622-4fff-969b-b5078836e062%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16981823-21b8-8089-bb01-c8ee7a607ab9&amp;t=16981823-21b8-8089-bb01-c8ee7a607ab9&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1308182321b8801e921cca2b8295b9fc"><summary>2️⃣ 配置下载器（QB）和媒体服务器（Jellyfin）的连接</summary><div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b880b1b65ac42235d6da75"><summary>⬇️ 配置下载器</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880f3baa0dededdd95ba6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fb10d3e59-ed3a-456e-b7d0-7aa70041585c%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80f3-baa0-dededdd95ba6&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80f3-baa0-dededdd95ba6&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880958ec3c5dd74917f1c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:577.9947509765625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fd783a60d-080f-431c-9172-6849b73d934c%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8095-8ec3-c5dd74917f1c&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8095-8ec3-c5dd74917f1c&amp;width=577.9947509765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88023a432dbc3e91c4c15"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:652.0181884765625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fcec0ec8b-ba3d-4dd3-aa76-1d086338ea78%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8023-a432-dbc3e91c4c15&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8023-a432-dbc3e91c4c15&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b8809ab4e2da3fae73f1e7">按照下面的要求配置好相应的参数，配置好之后点击确定：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880c8a3d4d375330e32e8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F34c654e8-d632-422e-aaf7-c76e1a8b71e4%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80c8-a3d4-d375330e32e8&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80c8-a3d4-d375330e32e8&amp;width=652.03125&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b88030b670e074ffab9f6f">配置好之后，请记得点击左下角的 <code class="notion-inline-code">保存</code> ，否则当跳转到其他的页面（或刷新页面）之后，原先的配置将会丢失：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1648182321b8802e9f68c6d818efe6d5"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:650.9765625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fc58d3300-8594-48c7-aa7b-5326af88bf98%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16481823-21b8-802e-9f68-c6d818efe6d5&amp;t=16481823-21b8-802e-9f68-c6d818efe6d5&amp;width=650.9765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-15d8182321b880359bf0e914ba1d377d"><summary>🎬 配置媒体服务器</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88012bd7cd96c18071b5a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fee63b507-31ce-43c6-bb55-32fecb61585a%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8012-bd7c-d96c18071b5a&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8012-bd7c-d96c18071b5a&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88006b394d00afd8c0530"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Feba38de1-f62a-4120-b35e-e434c13ad56f%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8006-b394-d00afd8c0530&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8006-b394-d00afd8c0530&amp;width=652.0051879882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8807a9704d7268a3ee501"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:652.0181884765625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F9006565f-cbc3-44b2-be6a-ecfe024df803%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-807a-9704-d7268a3ee501&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-807a-9704-d7268a3ee501&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b8805da213d9fe54f2a891">配置好下面的参数：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88041810bd7c1151b40c7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe196f75c-99e7-4a43-8ca8-bdf0c1131f11%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8041-810b-d7c1151b40c7&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8041-810b-d7c1151b40c7&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1678182321b880d09c76c31e0b03224f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>启用媒体服务器</b></code>：不启用将不会同步信息到 MP 中。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1678182321b880008866e5edc37d8dfb" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>名称</b></code>：可自行修改。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1678182321b880d8be65fa21b8c8765f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>地址</b></code>：注意，格式需要以 <code class="notion-inline-code">http://</code> 开头并加上端口号。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1678182321b8802180d0fc44a4ca80e7" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>API 密钥</b></code>：获取方法参考上文关于 Jellyfin 配置章节的内容。</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1678182321b8806ea60dd2e7a34e5a1c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>同步媒体库</b></code>：默认选择同步所有的 Jellyfin 中创建的媒体库，也就是将 Jellyfin 中所有的影音信息同步到 MP 。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b88043b7cbcc48cda14b3b">配置好之后，请记得点击左下角的 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>保存</b></code> ，否则当跳转到其他的页面（或刷新页面）之后，原先的配置将会丢失：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1648182321b880b49163fb8858c37354"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:652.0181884765625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe6ded1f5-858e-42a5-9e47-ea87c74b5825%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16481823-21b8-80b4-9163-fb8858c37354&amp;t=16481823-21b8-80b4-9163-fb8858c37354&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1308182321b880788051cbbe9dc04ab5"><summary>3️⃣ 配置下载目录</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b88015bff1f26d823a6289"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F27221031-c61c-4255-afa2-c6c9f6f4b6c9%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8015-bff1-f26d823a6289&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8015-bff1-f26d823a6289&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b88048b8b8d6b0068178bb">分别添加电影和电视剧目录，并按照下面的配置进行设置：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1648182321b880a1be59f041d52d3c7f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fcd1cb5c2-62c3-4bbc-a4bd-e9bf6e42f43b%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16481823-21b8-80a1-be59-f041d52d3c7f&amp;t=16481823-21b8-80a1-be59-f041d52d3c7f&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1638182321b88060876ad3ef0cc62c8e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>下载目录/源目录</b></code> ：由于我们将 Unraid 上面的 <code class="notion-inline-code">/mnt/user/media</code> 文件夹映射到了 MP 中的 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media</code> 目录，因此 <code class="notion-inline-code">/mnt/user/media/download</code> 目录就对应了 MP 中的 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media/download</code> ，也就是 QB 的下载目录。 当我们在 MP 中下载资源时，我们就会把此目录作为下载目录传递给 QB 进行下载。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1648182321b88092b30de374b7f650d5" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>按类别分类</b></code><b> </b>：在前面的 <code class="notion-inline-code">4️⃣ 创建媒体库共享文件夹（重点）</code> 小节中，博主介绍了 MP 的媒体分类（比如说 <code class="notion-inline-code">华语电影</code> <code class="notion-inline-code">纪录片</code> 等）。如果想要实现对媒体文件的分类，就得在此处开启 <code class="notion-inline-code">按类别分类</code> 功能。而在这里，特指在 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media/download</code> 文件夹中对下载的媒体文件进行分类，按照本篇教程的逻辑，读者们需要将此功能打开。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1648182321b88019a3f0e11a471ce17b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>媒体库目录</b></code><b> </b>：这里指的是用于存储整理好的媒体文件夹，在 Unraid 中指的就是 <code class="notion-inline-code">/mnt/user/media/link</code> 文件夹，对应到 MP 中就是 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media/link</code> 文件夹。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1648182321b8808d9682c455206c8415" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>按类别分类</b></code>：同上，这里的分类功能也是一样的逻辑，不过这里特指在 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media/link</code> 文件夹中对已经整理好的媒体文件进行分类，按照本篇教程的逻辑，读者们需要将此功能打开。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b8806895f9cde9640cbecc"><b>其他：</b>其他的一些功能，读者们要是不知道如何配置，就按照上面图片中的设置进行设置即可，后续当读者们熟悉了相应的功能之后，再自行进行优化。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b88091b25bfbebb355c4cd">配置完成后记得点击 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>保存</b></code> 。</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1308182321b880519742d56e63f1fce1"><summary>4️⃣ 配置站点</summary><div><div class="notion-callout notion-yellow_background_co notion-block-1678182321b8802b86cee81005fadac8"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="💡">💡</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-534193e21be34ddca36db095b82551ed"><b>提醒：</b>在前面的 MP 安装中，如果读者没有通过 MP 的站点认证，私有站点和公开站点都无法维护到系统中，已维护的站点实际也无法使用。</div></div></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1678182321b88083879dd3f59422d903">MP 能添加的站点是有限制的，具体支持哪些站点请查看官方的<a class="notion-link" href="https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/zh/site" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">支持站点清单</a>，如下图所示：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1678182321b88079875ac2536d4adbc6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F99d373cb-af50-4d57-99c7-eec0fdda72c2%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16781823-21b8-8079-875a-c2536d4adbc6&amp;t=16781823-21b8-8079-875a-c2536d4adbc6&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1678182321b88085bc75c661a3de4f4c">添加站点的步骤如下：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880b9b7a1c251a8a165df"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F69328324-666b-4847-9058-3c16c7a7ee4b%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80b9-b7a1-c251a8a165df&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80b9-b7a1-c251a8a165df&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b880ae9442f758010ecb64">这里以 Ubits 站点为例：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8803bacafdaeca91e3ed7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F0bb6591a-2f98-4916-a787-7ce5fe4e356b%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-803b-acaf-daeca91e3ed7&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-803b-acaf-daeca91e3ed7&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880e7b5d2c08e348de5f5" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>站点地址</b></code>：即站点的域名 URL 地址。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b8800aa983f22af8687d3d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>RSS 地址</b></code>：用于搜索资源，可参考这里的<a class="notion-link" href="http://www.ptyqm.com/1235.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">教程</a>。点击站点的 <code class="notion-inline-code">RSS</code> 按钮，选择影视相关分类，条数选最大，复制生成的 <code class="notion-inline-code">BT客户端使用的RSS链接地址</code><b> </b>填入。当你设定的订阅模式是站点 RSS 时，系统会通过该地址获取站点资源。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880c095c7f0a207832f5a" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>站点COOKIE</b></code>：登录站点后打开浏览器的开发者工具，在网络选项卡中选中主页面请求，找到请求头中的 Cookie 值填入。可参考这里的<a class="notion-link" href="https://blog.tanglu.me/nastool-auto-download-pt/#1%E3%80%81%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%90%84%E7%AB%99%E7%82%B9cookie" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">教程</a>。需要说明的是，个别站点不使用 Cookie 进行访问，此时需要选择 <code class="notion-inline-code">API</code> 功能选项，获取访问站点时请求头中的 <code class="notion-inline-code">Authorization</code> 值填入（与站点 Cookie 获取方法一致），然后在站点个人中心中生成令牌后填入 <code class="notion-inline-code">令牌（API Key）</code>，已知站点：<code class="notion-inline-code">馒头</code> 。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880a58e71c2d8340af7af" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>站点 Uder-Agent</b></code>：获取 <code class="notion-inline-code">站点Cookie</code> 时使用的浏览器标识，获取站点 Cookie 的同时找到 <code class="notion-inline-code">User-Agent</code> 填入。<b>填写 Cookie 配套的 User-Agent 有助于程序跳过站点的 Cloudflare 人机验证，增加连接成功率，建议填写</b> 。</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880ad948efa63c2291566" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>优先级</b></code>：站点优先级用于搜索时的站点排序，数值越小优先级越高，也可以添加站点后拖动卡片调整优先级顺序。</li></ol><ol start="6" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b8801da368cdcf4c1e8651" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>状态</b></code>：确保处于启用状态。</li></ol><ol start="7" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15d8182321b880d2a96df8fe8213097f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>下载器</b></code>：使用默认即可。</li></ol><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1678182321b8801e9fe8c5d7482ec078"><summary>💡 其他配置说明</summary><div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-1678182321b880b1b81beb353b48a964"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>超时时间</b></code><b> </b>：搜索站点资源时，等待站点返回的最大时间。如果站点连通性较好，建议设置为较小的值，比如 <code class="notion-inline-code">10</code>，如果站点日常响应较大，建议设置为较大的值比如 <code class="notion-inline-code">30</code>。该值设置较大时如果站点无法连接，将会增加搜索耗时时间。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-1678182321b880da8d10f697fd3258b9"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>站点流控</b></code><b> </b>：通过设定单位周期内站点的访问次数以及访问间隔来控制站点的访问频率，避免对站点造成过大压力，根据站点实际需要配置。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-1678182321b8809dabf3d195fdcead3a"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>代理</b></code>：站点是否使用已配置的代理服务器连接，开启后会有图标显示，需要配置 <code class="notion-inline-code">PROXY_HOST</code> 代理服务器，参考 <a class="notion-link" href="https://wiki.movie-pilot.org/configuration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">配置参考</a> 说明。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-1678182321b880bca87eedb93c83e2c3"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>浏览器仿真</b></code>：站点是否使用浏览器仿真访问，适用于人机验证机制较严格的站点使用，会减慢站点的访问速度，同时占用更多系统资源。需要正常下载浏览器内核环境后才能使用（博主提供的 MP 安装模板中已经配置了浏览器内核的下载次数）。</li></ul></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b88022b0fff62052dcdddb">配置完成之后，记得点击右下角的 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>新增</b></code> 进行添加：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880849fd1f457b39dc9a0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F082a6dbb-5373-4627-9ae5-6580b18918bf%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-8084-9fd1-f457b39dc9a0&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-8084-9fd1-f457b39dc9a0&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1308182321b8800bacf8e307dbedb32c"><summary>5️⃣ 配置搜索</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b88051bf69eb4c812a3bcd">添加好站点之后，需要配置 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>搜索站点</b></code> ，否则搜索资源的时候不会对已经添加的站点进行资源搜索：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b8805fa9bafb40b3da9ce2"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F62660a43-c954-4d6f-be12-2e5a88b7ee35%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-805f-a9ba-fb40b3da9ce2&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-805f-a9ba-fb40b3da9ce2&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b88052924cf6294ae76b5d">配置好之后，即对站点进行资源搜索：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-15d8182321b880009206e122ad0a81e2">按下 <code class="notion-inline-code">Ctrl + K</code> 打开搜索框，搜索需要的资源：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880dca59fec9cc478f9eb"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F3f457cca-0930-4b41-8929-160cdaabe081%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80dc-a59f-ec9cc478f9eb&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80dc-a59f-ec9cc478f9eb&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b880458e1cdbf561944996">搜索结果：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-15d8182321b880f0a41fc3856326a127"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F1d4a535d-18f6-40f7-a648-f7544fe24c3f%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=15d81823-21b8-80f0-a41f-c3856326a127&amp;t=15d81823-21b8-80f0-a41f-c3856326a127&amp;width=679.9739379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-15d8182321b880688cf2d1ed6272a28a" data-id="15d8182321b880688cf2d1ed6272a28a"><span><div id="15d8182321b880688cf2d1ed6272a28a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#15d8182321b880688cf2d1ed6272a28a" title="6. 搜索、下载、整理"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">6. 搜索、下载、整理</span></span></h2><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1668182321b8806dadc9fe44af3cf220"><summary>1️⃣ 搜索和下载</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1648182321b880e59728ee2098d99e41">在 MP 中，你可以通过按下 <code class="notion-inline-code">Ctrl + K</code> 来进行资源搜索，也可以通过 <code class="notion-inline-code">推荐</code> 上的热门榜单寻找心仪的影片：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b880a8b1e2cace854a43d8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F9c745489-7f6a-4079-a727-b42c2bdef7c2%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-80a8-b1e2-cace854a43d8&amp;t=16681823-21b8-80a8-b1e2-cace854a43d8&amp;width=707.9817504882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8806894a0c763811fd5e8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F63df0d8f-d638-4074-a495-6e50c7638447%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-8068-94a0-c763811fd5e8&amp;t=16681823-21b8-8068-94a0-c763811fd5e8&amp;width=707.96875&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8809a9247f3b6dc0b7e11"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F258dda72-4ec4-412e-b1b1-a3798429c54e%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-809a-9247-f3b6dc0b7e11&amp;t=16681823-21b8-809a-9247-f3b6dc0b7e11&amp;width=707.96875&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b88023af71d6bb99c02886">点击其中一个资源进行下载：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8805e8223fc05abdd7f0f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F58f4a7dd-6c6e-4161-a104-994c81896b63%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-805e-8223-fc05abdd7f0f&amp;t=16681823-21b8-805e-8223-fc05abdd7f0f&amp;width=707.9817504882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b8806f9523fe159de40e3c">如上图所示，你可以直接点击 <code class="notion-inline-code">开始下载</code> ，而不需要手动选择 <code class="notion-inline-code">指定下载器</code> 或者 <code class="notion-inline-code">指定保存目录</code> ，因为 MP 会自动识别并保存到你先前设置好的目录参数中。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b8804a8586de05a5a72315">如果下载添加成功，那么会在右下角弹出提示，并且 QB 中也会自动添加对应的下载任务：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8805fbb39f746dabbdba0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2cc8d265-5181-4aaa-a9ce-1765544589bc%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-805f-bb39-f746dabbdba0&amp;t=16681823-21b8-805f-bb39-f746dabbdba0&amp;width=707.9947509765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b880debf52f227aa1036fd"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F91d5be81-e604-4326-9935-279e75c9d05e%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-80de-bf52-f227aa1036fd&amp;t=16681823-21b8-80de-bf52-f227aa1036fd&amp;width=707.9817504882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b880c1b3e8e3bdcc37e807">影片会被自动下载到我们先前所设置的 <code class="notion-inline-code">/media/download</code> 目录，并且被自动分类到 <code class="notion-inline-code">外语电影</code> 这个文件夹中：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b880dfa131cfda0345ba11"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fdf10e5e7-d882-441f-af9c-67f499129daa%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-80df-a131-cfda0345ba11&amp;t=16681823-21b8-80df-a131-cfda0345ba11&amp;width=707.9817504882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1668182321b88058a7a6cb8bd1fc03a8"><summary>2️⃣ 自动整理（刮削和硬连接）</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b88047b230dc8157e22c6b">当 QB 下载好文件之后，MP 会自动识别、重命名和刮削。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1698182321b8807da53cece1f2fc46ad">你可以从 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>历史记录</b></code> 中查看影片是否已经被正确识别并硬链接到 <code class="notion-inline-code">link</code> 目录：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8808da26bd22c6c572595"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F6a78e124-8dd9-4959-a5f3-a8bcbd7f3b89%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-808d-a26b-d22c6c572595&amp;t=16681823-21b8-808d-a26b-d22c6c572595&amp;width=679.9869384765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b8802aa37fd914f6e3e1b6">对应到 Unraid 上：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b8809cbf13d68b44834612"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Ff0461964-d73a-4746-b3f2-6d3b878fba09%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-809c-bf13-d68b44834612&amp;t=16681823-21b8-809c-bf13-d68b44834612&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b88002aae4d8a53382be8d"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F1180f8be-0c47-45c3-9ffc-b53d6d6e77aa%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-8002-aae4-d8a53382be8d&amp;t=16681823-21b8-8002-aae4-d8a53382be8d&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="已自动刮削" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">已自动刮削</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b88080ae69d3aad26b0528"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F7fc9af44-67a0-4b15-82d1-d39697ee2dc7%2Fimage.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-8080-ae69-d3aad26b0528&amp;t=16681823-21b8-8080-ae69-d3aad26b0528&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1668182321b880f599bcfc6a9e5c7c75"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F8acec007-d5d1-4439-9fbf-a550c2473320%2Femby.png?table=block&amp;id=16681823-21b8-80f5-99bc-fc6a9e5c7c75&amp;t=16681823-21b8-80f5-99bc-fc6a9e5c7c75&amp;width=680&amp;cache=v2" alt="以 Emby 为例" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">以 Emby 为例</figcaption></div></figure></div></details><div class="notion-blank notion-block-1668182321b8801c932ae77cded47016"> </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1668182321b88011ab7ee92588500742">🚧 更多内容正在施工中…</div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-1708182321b880799791c676e53b9e77"> </div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Unraid 8 讲解：从 2005 年的白牌硬盘，到底座系统的更换 ]]></title>
            <link>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-8-explained</link>
            <guid>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-8-explained</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The Uncast Show 回顾 Unraid 从 2005 年诞生至今的发展历程，并深入介绍 unRAID 8 的未来规划，包括从 Slackware 转向 Fedora 生态中的 uCore、Immutable Linux、Docker Compose、内置 Backup 以及新的插件权限体系。本文根据播客整理节目重点，并补充相关背景，帮助读者理解这些变化背后的原因。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-3cd8182321b880dea7fcc8063e2ecb3d"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-e68ba7beab054d60862ad3a9dfaa9384"><div>如需技术支持，请点击 👉 <a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/paid-service" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">联系方式</a></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8803c92b5f4f9bb3f5c17">2026年8月14日，unRAID 官方 YouTube 频道 <span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/@uncastshow" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Uncast Show</a></span> 放出了一期视频<span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PX6q0qCKOVM" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《unRAID 8 Explained: New Distro, Docker Compose, Backups and more | Uncast (Part 2 of 2)》</a></span>，节目回顾了 unRAID 从诞生至今的发展历程，同时重点介绍了未来的发展方向。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-video notion-block-3ce8182321b8803eb459e75145694cf2"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;padding-bottom:56.25%"><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/PX6q0qCKOVM/hqdefault.jpg" imageSrcSet="https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/PX6q0qCKOVM/default.webp 120w, https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/PX6q0qCKOVM/mqdefault.webp 320w, https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/PX6q0qCKOVM/hqdefault.webp 480w, https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/PX6q0qCKOVM/sddefault.webp 640w, https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/PX6q0qCKOVM/maxresdefault.webp 1280w" imageSizes="(max-width: 120px) 120px, (max-width: 320px) 320px, (max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 640px) 640px, (max-width: 1280px) 1280px"/><div class="notion-yt-lite notion-asset-object-fit" style="object-fit:contain"><picture><source srcSet="https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/PX6q0qCKOVM/default.webp 120w" media="(max-width: 120px)" type="image/webp"/><source srcSet="https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/PX6q0qCKOVM/mqdefault.webp 320w" media="(max-width: 320px)" type="image/webp"/><source srcSet="https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/PX6q0qCKOVM/hqdefault.webp 480w" media="(max-width: 480px)" type="image/webp"/><source srcSet="https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/PX6q0qCKOVM/sddefault.webp 640w" media="(max-width: 640px)" type="image/webp"/><source srcSet="https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/PX6q0qCKOVM/maxresdefault.webp 1280w" media="(max-width: 1280px)" type="image/webp"/><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/PX6q0qCKOVM/hqdefault.jpg" class="notion-yt-thumbnail" alt="Video preview"/></picture><div class="notion-yt-playbtn"></div></div></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b88086b5efeca779024897">其中最值得关注的是 unRAID 8 的规划：官方明确表示，<b>unRAID 8 将更换底层系统，从 Slackware 转向 Fedora 生态中的 uCore</b>。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3cd8182321b88065bcb7ee10c68e9a5e"><div><b>关于这期节目：</b>这是 The Uncast Show 关于 Unraid 20 年发展历程的第二期节目。上一期主要回顾了 Unraid 从诞生到今天的发展历程，而这一期在继续回顾历史的同时，将重点放在了 unRAID 8 的未来规划上。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8804f879df8859d97e30f">节目中，Unraid 创始人 Tom 主要负责回顾 Unraid 从最初的个人 DIY 项目，到今天成为一家独立公司的发展过程；产品总监 Eli 则介绍了当前产品以及 unRAID 8 的设计方向。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b88038b118f76370e28676">因此，这一期节目比较特别：它既是一场对 Unraid 20 年历史的回顾，也可以看作是目前官方对 unRAID 8 未来方向的一次集中介绍。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880dc952bccbba8a2a861">以下正文是基于播客全文整理的内容，主要对节目中值得关注的部分进行简述，并加入一些必要的背景说明。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3cd8182321b880ac90e1fe48384811a3"><div>重点内容在 <span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-8-explained#3cd8182321b880808ee8e969ac940f60" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">6. unRAID 8 为何转向 Fedora 底座：不可变 Linux 与 Universal Blue（uCore）</a></span></div></blockquote><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880719670d7a942a855b3" data-id="3cd8182321b880719670d7a942a855b3"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880719670d7a942a855b3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880719670d7a942a855b3" title="1. 2005 年：Tom 当初要解决的问题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 2005 年：<b>Tom 当初要解决的问题</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b88065846df1e4e3924612">2000 年代初大屏高清电视（plasma TV，等离子电视）、DVD 光盘数字化与 HTPC 软件同时兴起，Tom 恰逢换工作的空档，把 DVD 收藏数字化到廉价白牌硬盘（white-label hard drives）时意识到：一块盘坏掉就等于白干上百小时，于是决定要做冗余。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3cd8182321b88067af32cf3f175d4d02"><div><b>白牌硬盘（white-label hard drives）</b>指的是一种没有以正常制造商品牌形式销售的廉价硬盘。白牌硬盘不等同于翻新盘、二手盘、水货盘或 OEM 盘等，它与这些东西可能存在交集，但不是同义词，白牌硬盘主要描述的是品牌/标识。</div></blockquote><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b8807394b9dce2ccf183fb" data-id="3cd8182321b8807394b9dce2ccf183fb"><span><div id="3cd8182321b8807394b9dce2ccf183fb" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b8807394b9dce2ccf183fb" title="2. 校验与冗余：第一个 unRAID 阵列"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 校验与冗余：第一个 unRAID 阵列</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8800fb59dd0f1049f2eca">Tom 不想用 Linux MD 建 RAID 5 再把文件重搬一遍，于是修改 MD 驱动做出“数据盘各自独立 + 一块校验盘”的 unRAID 阵列。在儿子的建议下他开发了 unRAID 的前端界面 Web GUI，确立“把 Linux 藏起来”的理念，“tower”这个默认主机名也来自他儿子。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3cd8182321b880e8ab5ed979243faf96"><div>由于早期的 Unraid 只是 Tom 自己使用，完全没有前端界面，而是通过纯 Linux 命令行的形式进行维护，因此他的儿子建议他开发易于用户使用的前端界面。另外，如果大家有印象，unRAID 安装之后的初始名称就叫作“Tower”。</div></blockquote><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880b4b497dd6eba1307f2" data-id="3cd8182321b880b4b497dd6eba1307f2"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880b4b497dd6eba1307f2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880b4b497dd6eba1307f2" title="3. Web GUI 与插件的诞生"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. Web GUI 与插件的诞生</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8806094cfe8b697e9cb28">unRAID 4 是首个对外版本：基础 Web GUI、缓存盘（应对千兆网速超过阵列单盘写入）和 User Shares（用户共享），定位纯 NAS。unRAID 5 引入 PHP 并带来正式插件机制，社区由此开发出沿用至今的 Dynamix Web GUI。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3cd8182321b88023a401eb9aa86584a0"><div>博主在<span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-file-storage-guide#c470b912839c4b938997412c5915a988" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《新手教程：unRAID 是如何存储文件的？》</a></span>中讲解过什么是 User Shares（用户共享）。</div></blockquote><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880358bf1f3a547da0b0b" data-id="3cd8182321b880358bf1f3a547da0b0b"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880358bf1f3a547da0b0b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880358bf1f3a547da0b0b" title="4. 64 位、虚拟机与 Docker：通往 unRAID 6 之路"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4. 64 位、虚拟机与 Docker：通往 unRAID 6 之路</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880c399dbffd9dffd09f8">unRAID 6 迁移到 64 位，原计划用 KVM 实现“一个应用一个虚拟机”，Docker 出现后转向 Docker 方案，社区做出 Community Apps（简称为 CA，即应用市场，由后来加入公司的 Squid 维护至今），6 还加入了多存储池支持。随后谈到做 unRAID 7 的动机 —— 更多商业用户和进阶家庭用户，并点出 USB 启动授权这把双刃剑：方便但闪存易坏。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3cd8182321b8801e9f89f176ef224dcf"><div>也是从 unRAID 7 开始，unRAID 正式从买断制过渡到<b>订阅制</b>，博主有专门文章介绍过 —— <span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-new-license-keys" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《2024 unRAID 新付费制解读》</a></span>。</div></blockquote><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880499a8edbf0e2e035e4" data-id="3cd8182321b880499a8edbf0e2e035e4"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880499a8edbf0e2e035e4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880499a8edbf0e2e035e4" title="5. ZFS 支持与 USB 镜像启动（unRAID 7）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5. ZFS 支持与 USB 镜像启动（unRAID 7）</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b88092a507f4b0a3b7294e">unRAID 7 两大主线：应社区要求集成 ZFS，以及支持把启动迁移到镜像 ZFS 池（内部启动，internal boot）加 TPM 授权，让 U 盘启动不再是唯一选择。Tom 还指出 AI 时代安全漏洞雪崩，维护 Slackware （unRAID 系统底座）日益吃力，为转向 Fedora 埋下伏笔。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880808ee8e969ac940f60" data-id="3cd8182321b880808ee8e969ac940f60"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880808ee8e969ac940f60" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880808ee8e969ac940f60" title="6. unRAID 8 为何转向 Fedora 底座：不可变 Linux 与 Universal Blue（uCore）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">6. unRAID 8 为何转向 Fedora 底座：不可变 Linux 与 Universal Blue（uCore）</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b88002ac39e7a39cf84976"><b>几乎每天雪崩式的安全更新正在挤占核心产品的研发精力，因此 unRAID 8 改用 Fedora 底座。</b>Tom 强调 unRAID 本就是从 SquashFS 加载 root filesystem（根文件系统）的 immutable OS（不可变操作系统），这是选择 Fedora 的重要前提。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8806ab839cc157a933789">这里需要先解释一下视频中反复提到的 <b>Immutable OS（不可变操作系统）</b>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8806ca221c699ac8cb01e">“不可变”并不是说 unRAID 运行后什么都不能修改，而是指操作系统的基础部分采用了一种特殊的设计：系统启动时从 SquashFS 镜像加载根文件系统，而不是把这部分系统文件作为普通的可写 Linux 系统一直修改。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880998905e1598f06f25f">简单来说，可以把它理解成给操作系统保留了一份“干净的母版”。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8801db8b4e5d5e34ec561">用户在运行过程中可以对系统进行各种操作，即使误删或修改了部分系统文件，只要重新启动，unRAID 仍然可以从这份基础镜像重新加载一个干净的系统状态。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8809f9409c71384462481">当然，这并不意味着用户的数据也会被还原。Array、存储池、Docker 数据、虚拟机磁盘以及其他用户数据并不会因为重启而恢复。这里的“不可变”主要针对的是操作系统本身。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880d0b90cd32fb8a4ec82">这种设计其实并不是 unRAID 8 才出现的。Tom 介绍，unRAID 很早就采用了从 SquashFS 加载根文件系统的方式，因此即使用户把 root 下的系统文件破坏掉，重新启动后仍然可以恢复到一个干净的系统状态。Eli 也因此认为，Tom 很早就在 Slackware 上实现了类似今天 Immutable Linux 的设计。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880ad9f38fb5c7702a27b"><b>那么问题来了：既然 unRAID 原本已经有这种设计，为什么 unRAID 8 还要更换底层系统？</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8800a9513fd561fe74d12">原因之一，就是维护 Slackware 底座本身正在变得越来越困难。随着 Linux 软件包和安全漏洞不断增加，Lime Technology 需要花费越来越多的精力维护底层系统，而这些工作并不是 unRAID 核心产品本身。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880ef8affc2c8fb4cfeaf">因此，unRAID 8 希望转向 Fedora 生态，同时保留原有的不可变系统理念。最终选择的是由 <b>Universal Blue</b> 社区维护的 <b>uCore</b>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-ef1cb6d577fe4851951b74361ffa1eee"><b>Universal Blue</b> 是一个颇有影响力的 Fedora 社区，做的事情可以概括成一句话：把 Fedora 的不可变系统预先调校好，做成“开箱即用”的定制镜像对外分发。桌面玩家熟悉的 Bazzite（面向游戏场景的 Fedora 定制系统）就出自这个社区；uCore 则是它在服务器方向上的作品。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-5014cf1df3eb443082e43a83a1fe10b4">uCore 的底座并不是普通的 Fedora Server，而是 <b>Fedora CoreOS </b>—— Fedora 官方专为“不可变 + 容器化”服务器场景设计的发行版，Red Hat 商用容器平台 OpenShift 所使用的 RHEL CoreOS 正是它的企业版。uCore 在这套底座之上预装了一批服务器常用组件，其中相当一部分明显是冲着存储服务器去的：ZFS 内核模块、Samba/NFS 文件共享、快照与备份工具等。换句话说，它本身就是一个“NAS 友好”的系统底座，与 unRAID 的定位天然契合。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3ce8182321b8805fa707c66daebde5af"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A8d21c9f1-5106-43e4-80d5-03fd37e74235%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3ce81823-21b8-805f-a707-c66daebde5af&amp;t=3ce81823-21b8-805f-a707-c66daebde5af" alt="Fedora CoreOS：https://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh_Hans/fedora-coreos/" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption"><b>Fedora CoreOS：</b><span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh_Hans/fedora-coreos/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh_Hans/fedora-coreos/</a></span></figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3ce8182321b880298d85d6ca9235ef5e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af64c3e4e-4a59-408a-ade0-a9de53aa5cc7%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3ce81823-21b8-8029-8d85-d6ca9235ef5e&amp;t=3ce81823-21b8-8029-8d85-d6ca9235ef5e" alt="ublue-os/ucore：https://github.com/ublue-os/ucore" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption"><b>ublue-os/ucore：</b><span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/ublue-os/ucore" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/ublue-os/ucore</a></span></figcaption></div></figure><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-ae7a7612afd94040ad92b055c6cfc08a"><div>uCore 的镜像由 GitHub Actions 流水线每天自动构建，过程公开可查，产物以带签名的 OCI 容器镜像（即 Docker 镜像的开放标准格式）发布，并提供 stable/testing 与带长期支持内核的 lts 等多条更新流。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-074c6a7cc38c4dcbaf3c5417c1d75c18">Eli 在节目中特别强调了 Universal Blue 这套体系的一个核心思路：<b>整个操作系统可以像构建 Docker 镜像一样被完整地构建出来</b>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-6de5d452bad34c4aaaa874ec31118014">平时我们接触的 Docker 镜像，是拿来运行某个应用的；而这类镜像正好反过来——它是拿来<b>启动整台机器</b>的，社区称之为 bootc（bootable container，可启动的容器镜像）。unRAID 团队以后维护系统，只需要维护一份类似 Dockerfile 的构建配方，流水线就能自动产出完整的 unRAID 操作系统镜像，推送到镜像仓库，服务器端再从仓库拉取更新。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-e4bebea50f264f0698de88aaa172c9f2">除了镜像化的更新方式，uCore 的另一个重要特点是支持分层（layering）。这意味着 unRAID 可以拥有一个相对固定、干净的基础系统，同时又能够在这个基础之上增加额外的软件包和驱动，而不必像过去一样完全依赖 unRAID 插件机制去解决所有问题。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c447fbbedaa487981bfd4d476c645cc">为什么基础系统必须保持“干净”？Eli 介绍，这正是他们选型时最看重的点。传统 Linux 发行版是“完全可变”的：所有软件包安装在同一份系统里，彼此依赖、互相纠缠。随手安装一个软件包，它可能顺带升级或替换别的组件，结果把毫不相干的软件弄坏；这时唯一的办法是退回某个时间点的快照——可如果压根没做过快照，就只能凭手工排查一点点往回修。这就是 Linux 圈常说的“依赖地狱”（dependency hell）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-c02156ce271c4b11ae5c9e61e343898b">分层机制正是冲着这个问题设计的：<b>基础系统始终保持出厂状态，额外安装的软件和驱动一律叠在新的一层上</b>。用 Docker 镜像来类比最贴切——Docker 镜像本来就是一层层叠出来的，uCore 的思路相同：底下的基础层由官方维护、保持只读，你要装驱动、装软件包，就往上面加一层；想卸载，把那一层去掉即可，基础系统从头到尾没被碰过。而且“叠一层”和前文的“换新镜像”最终是同一种操作：都会生成一个新版本的系统，重启后切换生效，出问题照样可以整体回退。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3cd8182321b880a79aacddd9e8adcfad"><div>Eli 在节目中举了一个很直观的例子：他自己的 Wi-Fi 网卡目前需要通过插件和自行构建的驱动包才能正常使用，而未来采用新的底层系统后，可以直接利用 Fedora 生态中的软件包和驱动，再将它们叠加到基础系统之上。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880e48519df5df7a16556">因此，unRAID 8 转向 Fedora 并不只是简单地“把 Slackware 换成 Fedora”。更准确地说，是希望借助 Fedora 及 Universal Blue 的生态，在保留 unRAID 原有不可变系统优势的同时，获得更加标准化的 Linux 软件包、驱动和硬件支持，并减少 unRAID 团队维护底层 Linux 发行版的负担。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b88030974af5711042af3f" data-id="3cd8182321b88030974af5711042af3f"><span><div id="3cd8182321b88030974af5711042af3f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b88030974af5711042af3f" title="7. 内核灵活性与更好的硬件支持"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">7. 内核灵活性与更好的硬件支持</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b88086adfdc7a5f0bc3eed">更标准的内核，最直接的好处是<b>你遇到的问题将不再是 unRAID 用户独有的问题</b>。过去 unRAID 用的是自己维护的内核与软件包组合，遇到小众硬件不工作，往往只能去官方论坛等 unRAID 团队排查或者等待第三方开发者开发插件来解决；换用 Fedora 标准内核后，你的网卡、硬盘控制器遇到的问题，大概率其他 Fedora 用户早已遇到过——上游修好的补丁可以直接跟进，开箱即用的硬件支持也会明显变好。当然这是个权衡：底座变大，体积也上去了。Eli 的目标是把整个安装体积控制在 4GB 以内，以今天的存储价格，这个代价基本可以忽略。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3cd8182321b88003a5e9c7af502acd4c"><div>Ed 在节目中追问了一个很实际的问题：换成 Fedora 底座后，启动用的存储区域是不是得更大？Eli 的回答很坦率：这块区域具体长什么样还在设计中，但“肯定会比现在大一些”。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-be2086f58b874ed2b4e8dcbeb6e47f74">这不难理解。不可变系统的更新方式是“整体换镜像”，而回滚的前提是旧镜像还在——这也是 bootc 这类镜像化系统的设计惯例：在启动区域里同时保留当前版本与上一个版本的完整系统镜像，作为回滚的退路。再叠加更标准的内核与更全的驱动，启动区域的胃口自然就大了。至于新底座下 U 盘启动与内部启动各自会是什么形态，官方还没有给出细节，已在使用 unRAID 7 内部启动（镜像 ZFS 池）的用户，现阶段只需知道“启动空间要多留一些”这个方向即可。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-9a85a3622d754e53868468448743bf5a">内核方面，unRAID 稳定版目前的策略是跟随 Linux 的 <b>LTS（Long Term Support，长期支持）内核</b>。LTS 是内核社区每年年底从当时的最新内核中选定的“压舱石”版本，通常有约六年的长期维护，稳定可靠；但节奏也慢——内核和硬件的发展都很快，不少新硬件的支持只存在于最新的内核里，而 unRAID 出于稳定考虑，不会轻易更换内核，小版本更新中尤其谨慎。于是就有了那个老矛盾：<b>求稳和追新的人，被绑在同一个内核节奏上</b>。公平地说，unRAID 把内核跟得一直很紧（Eli 特别提到 7.3 用的就是相当新的内核），问题不在内核旧，而在于没得选。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-b891e1a404714474924fe43863077b87">底座与管理界面解耦之后，这道单选题终于可以拆开了：Tom 表示，解耦为“多内核并存”打开了大门。手里有最新内核才支持的硬件的用户，可以自行换上最新内核；求稳的用户则可以留在旧内核上，照常获取系统的安全更新。正如 Ed 在节目里的总结：不必所有人都为了新硬件去折腾新内核，但想尝鲜的人，有了自行尝试的自由。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3ce8182321b880faae0aefe25eaf76f1"><div>关于内核，博主印象比较深的一个是，为了解决 unRAID 内核中对 Realtek 2.5G 网卡驱动支持不完善的问题（需要特别说明这不是 unRAID 不作为，原因不赘述了），一位国人开发者 <span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://forums.unraid.net/profile/119719-jinlife/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">jinlife</a></span><span class="notion-blue"> </span>一直在手动编译 unRAID 内核来添加 Realtek 2.5G 网卡驱动，并发布在论坛帖子<span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://forums.unraid.net/topic/123638-unraid-723-%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%84r8125-r8126-r-8127-r8156-r8168-%E7%BD%91%E5%8D%A1%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E8%A1%A5%E4%B8%81/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《Unraid 7.2.3 最新的r8125 r8126 r 8127 r8156 r8168 网卡驱动补丁》</a></span><span class="notion-blue"> </span>上，作者从 6.9.1 版本开始一直坚持手动编译内核到现在的 7.2.3 版本。假如说将来 unRAID 的系统底座更换了，那么作者也就不需要这么麻烦地去给每一个 unRAID 内核进行编译了。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-5edaa31379cd40528f85876c4e81e1f3">安全更新，正是这场底层变革最现实的驱动力。Eli 说得很直白：过去几个月，Linux 内核接连曝出多个漏洞；他们最不希望看到的，是下一个重大 Linux 漏洞（CVE）爆出来时，用户只能干等官方发布新版。让社区用户能够自行修复漏洞，而不是排队等官方，是这个新工作流的核心目标。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-fba5aabb9ac742ebab8d7830d1b14547">具体到发布节奏，unRAID 也在尝试一个转变：<b>安全补丁与功能更新分开走</b>。unRAID 历史上的版本更新，一直是功能与安全修复捆绑发布；Eli 表示，未来系统会更擅长快速发布，我们可能会看到越来越多的“纯安全补丁”——不捆绑任何新功能，单独发布、尽快可用。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-60e1891a1c1148bf93f1590cad4dda16">博主之前同样在<span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-new-license-keys" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《2024 unRAID 新付费制解读》</a></span>文章中，我当时指出 unRAID 新的付费形式带来安全更新方面的困难以及安全更新形式可能的发展方向，当时就有用户提出建议将“系统功能”和“系统安全”进行解耦，否则这会是阻碍订阅制发展的一大障碍。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3cd8182321b880dd9ee1daa3cd1d2a3e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A70142bc9-b16f-47d0-9a66-2d3137066e11%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3cd81823-21b8-80dd-9ee1-daa3cd1d2a3e&amp;t=3cd81823-21b8-80dd-9ee1-daa3cd1d2a3e" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3cd8182321b880efab42fd248830af01"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A4c2560a8-ef29-4498-932e-63615c97579f%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3cd81823-21b8-80ef-ab42-fd248830af01&amp;t=3cd81823-21b8-80ef-ab42-fd248830af01" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880b9ae79dbb358797042">如果更换了系统底座，那么上述相关的问题都可以得到很好的解决 —— 用户可以自行更新内核来实现安全更新，完全不需要像现在这样等待 unRAID 官方发布新版本才能解决安全上的问题。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880aca429f12bbfae7038" data-id="3cd8182321b880aca429f12bbfae7038"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880aca429f12bbfae7038" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880aca429f12bbfae7038" title="8. 浑然一体的界面与数据自主"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">8. 浑然一体的界面与数据自主</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880d988d9e47eba4e31c5">unRAID 8 将进行界面与 API 大改，让 Docker、VM、存储等各子系统体验一致 —— 会一个就会全部。目标是让任何人轻松上手、运行自己的云，帮大家把数据从云端拿回来。这件事如今已有了雏形：通过与 45 Drives 这样的厂商合作，用户可以直接买到预装 unRAID 的整机——不必自己动手攒机，不太懂技术也能跑起一台 unRAID 服务器。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b88087a2c6fad2f3c7744b" data-id="3cd8182321b88087a2c6fad2f3c7744b"><span><div id="3cd8182321b88087a2c6fad2f3c7744b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b88087a2c6fad2f3c7744b" title="9. 内置备份与原生 Docker Compose"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">9. 内置备份与原生 Docker Compose</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8803da0baf8dfcfe8211b"><b>unRAID 8 内置备份方案</b>（可备到云端、S3、其他 unRAID 服务器，支持快照与完整恢复），并把 Docker Compose 原生融入现有模板体系、与 XML 模板并存。Eli 强调这一切以不丢失任何高级功能为前提，高级功能会在需要时主动浮现。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3cd8182321b8802e8063d0d5228def1c"><div>当前 7 版本并不支持原生的 Docker Compose，用户需要通过安装插件的形式来实现，并且 Docker Compose 也不与当前 unRAID 原生的 Docker XML 体系集成，使用 Docker Compose 会增加额外的维护成本（就比如我写下这篇文章时前段时间出现的 Docker Compose 图标不显示的问题）。当切换到 8 版本后，这个问题就可以完美解决。</div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880219c16ff47b91b7be7" data-id="3cd8182321b880219c16ff47b91b7be7"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880219c16ff47b91b7be7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880219c16ff47b91b7be7" title="10. 值得信赖的插件：全新权限系统"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">10. 值得信赖的插件：全新权限系统</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880d5821bf90c905ba308">现有插件系统虽然强大，但每个插件都能访问整个系统。unRAID 8 将提供插件开发者 SDK 和能力（capability）声明机制，安装时明示插件所需权限，让用户可以知情取舍。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880838e68fa8d9c120450" data-id="3cd8182321b880838e68fa8d9c120450"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880838e68fa8d9c120450" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880838e68fa8d9c120450" title="11. 社区应用焕新（ca.unRAID.net）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">11. 社区应用焕新（<span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="http://ca.unraid.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ca.unRAID.net</a></span>）</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880aaa0c7e935131c01d6">过去一年翻新了账号应用、购买流程和密钥管理，并上线 <span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="http://ca.unraid.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ca.unRAID.net</a></span>：手机上看到应用链接即可收藏，回到服务器一键安装。目标是让它成为 unRAID 8 社区应用的“门面”，网页与 unRAID OS 体验“所见即所得”地一致。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3cd8182321b8800a9e56efdee651db3e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aa7250e5c-06bf-47b8-8c5e-42e6c4bba021%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3cd81823-21b8-800a-9e56-efdee651db3e&amp;t=3cd81823-21b8-800a-9e56-efdee651db3e" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880cb99b6fd85fcd84de6" data-id="3cd8182321b880cb99b6fd85fcd84de6"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880cb99b6fd85fcd84de6" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880cb99b6fd85fcd84de6" title="12. 什么时候能上手？Beta、RC 与参与方式"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">12. 什么时候能上手？Beta、RC 与参与方式</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880c0907bfdc3a3744352">播客发布后先对接社区开发者，随后开放封闭 beta 报名（视频下方有报名入口），再进入正常渠道的公开 beta 和 RC，用户可直接在服务器上升级体验。</div><div class="notion-row"><a class="notion-bookmark notion-block-3cd8182321b880b1a0cec40fe1dced30" href="https://5b4fbca3.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAG1fUchfZLvsgwNIhcKq4hKRNk5r_qmGX6_NcDwKAEWisERBy-QVnOhnkTKt97K87T30oftBodzrR_dVx7LStzosBnwzXtscqUlyvLxZrVMAxBn9SCO6HZLVIqB4S-AJSgKLBKpu7cjtP8v-BqoWkhnnSO08gzj2KCtKFzcp2FK4ubRh9PLcJ5R4AHtpgTAt7fmZdVMxBvDc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><div class="notion-bookmark-title">Unraid Beta Testers</div><div class="notion-bookmark-link"><div class="notion-bookmark-link-text">https://5b4fbca3.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAG1fUchfZLvsgwNIhcKq4hKRNk5r_qmGX6_NcDwKAEWisERBy-QVnOhnkTKt97K87T30oftBodzrR_dVx7LStzosBnwzXtscqUlyvLxZrVMAxBn9SCO6HZLVIqB4S-AJSgKLBKpu7cjtP8v-BqoWkhnnSO08gzj2KCtKFzcp2FK4ubRh9PLcJ5R4AHtpgTAt7fmZdVMxBvDc</div></div></div></a></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880ffbaeec6dbd16a61ef" data-id="3cd8182321b880ffbaeec6dbd16a61ef"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880ffbaeec6dbd16a61ef" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880ffbaeec6dbd16a61ef" title="13. 早期岁月：手工攒服务器"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">13. 早期岁月：手工攒服务器</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8806d84b4d799e14dd658">Tom 讲了创业轶事：首台发货的服务器是一台足足 80 磅（约 36 公斤）的全塔机，他拉上亲戚帮忙装箱封箱，开车送到邮局走 USPS 寄出；回到家才看见电源线还躺在工作台上——那两根线（机器是冗余双电源，所以是两根）其实早就用 FedEx 寄出了，反而比服务器先到，Tom 只好提前告知买家：“你会先收到电源线。”</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-ac88742f7ed043428f1885b8d9cb270a">当年他用的是一条手工“生产线”：先给主板装上处理器、风扇和内存，接到电源上，十到十二块一批平铺在泡沫垫上（不进机箱），插上 U 盘跑内存测试，连续烤机 72 小时；撑过三天还活着的，才装进机箱出货。更磨人的是备货——主板是有生产批次的，过了那阵子就再也买不到同一款，他只能不断评估、验证新主板和附加磁盘控制器能不能胜任。硬盘不随机发货，用户订购时单独装箱寄出。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-5b587c83a67c4f27a239e5b5fd7e8319">节目里 Eli 还感叹：Tom 售出的最后一台整机，距离如今发货的机器已有约十年。而 Tom 手边至今留着他设计的最后一型服务器的原型机，当作自己的备份目标和私人服务器在用。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880f3aaf1e1fd05a23839" data-id="3cd8182321b880f3aaf1e1fd05a23839"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880f3aaf1e1fd05a23839" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880f3aaf1e1fd05a23839" title="14. 从 U 盘到数字下载"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">14. 从 U 盘到数字下载</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b880a89971c5640662ce00">早期 unRAID 只随寄出的 U 盘发售，直到切换 x86-64 才提供数字下载。unRAID 6 中期之前，每个许可证都由 Tom 手工生成、以附件形式随邮件发回——他甚至在巴哈马度假时，靠着当地时断时续的网络处理订单；直到 unRAID 6 建立密钥服务器，这套流程才彻底自动化。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-b5cd472bdb5c4913b4782a4e929252d9">顺带一提，Tom 手里还留着一些当年的发售 U 盘：unRAID 4 的版本找到了，更早的已无处可寻；不过仓库里约 40 块旧硬盘中还存着当年的源代码。Ed 听罢当场表示，很想收一块老 U 盘作纪念。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3cd8182321b880918c3bffb7240f93a9" data-id="3cd8182321b880918c3bffb7240f93a9"><span><div id="3cd8182321b880918c3bffb7240f93a9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3cd8182321b880918c3bffb7240f93a9" title="15. 二十年，依然独立：Tom 的感言"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">15. 二十年，依然独立：Tom 的感言</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd8182321b8805092dfc697cb2053f9">Tom 感慨项目从“啤酒钱”长成约 30 人的独立公司，最有回报的是社区和团队不断带来自己没想到的好想法。公司文化是任何人的想法都值得被认真考虑。</div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-3cd8182321b880fdaeb4eeb3746e83d4"> </div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[iKuai 与 OpenWrt 网络架构 2.0]]></title>
            <link>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/ikuai-openwrt-network-architecture-2</link>
            <guid>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/ikuai-openwrt-network-architecture-2</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[还在用旁路由当代理网关？本文用 iKuai 多线负载 + OpenWrt 虚拟机实现按目的 IP 分流：国内直连、境外进代理，代理挂了国内照常上网，附完整搭建与排错清单。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-3bd8182321b880f0bc3ee3a84ce5f7e2"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-97dc23717dcf41e3aa97e737a270d458"><div>如需技术支持，请点击 👉 <a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/paid-service" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">联系方式</a></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3bd8182321b880be81f1df8c5a6d99b2">博主 2023 年写了一篇 iKuai 和 OpenWrt 网络架构的文章<a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/best-alternative-solution-for-transparent-gateway" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《iKuai与Openwrt的有机结合：传统旁路由方案的完美替代》</a>，里面介绍了如何搭建以 iKuai 作为底层、OpenWrt 作为代理从而实现国内国外网络分流的目的，从而避免了旁路由网络的缺点。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3bd8182321b880e994d0f0429a5164a1">本文是它的全面重写版：核心架构不变，技术栈更新至 2026 年的现状 —— 代理层改用 Nikki（替代 OpenClash），DNS 独立成章；原理从零讲起，搭建步骤均附原理解释。读过原文的读者，可直接从第 4 章搭建部分开始。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3bd8182321b8807da831f5afdf3c6419" data-id="3bd8182321b8807da831f5afdf3c6419"><span><div id="3bd8182321b8807da831f5afdf3c6419" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3bd8182321b8807da831f5afdf3c6419" title="1. 传统旁路由的弊端"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 传统旁路由的弊端</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88096a542fce9f97c5e6e">我们常说的<b>旁路由</b>是一台与主路由并联挂进 LAN、使用固定 IP 供其他设备挂网关/DNS 的设备（可以是虚拟机）。终端把默认网关指向它后，由其统一决定转发/代理；这种方式的特征是按“谁的网关指过来”分流。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880bf963ccc903dcbdfa3">使用旁路由模式的情况下，我们一般会通过配置 DHCP 服务器将旁路由的 IP 作为网关下发给内网设备，这样就无须手动修改设备网关即可让设备进行流量代理。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c88182321b880c2a35fdacdc7d72410">但缺点也很明显，<b>弊端一</b>：假如旁路由宕机，那么就算物理宽带正常，设备也无法正常联网，唯一的解决办法就是将设备的网关更改为主路由。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3c58182321b88019acc5ed49aa912b04"><div>除了上述弊端，旁路由还有<b>弊端二</b>（附带的小麻烦）：以旁路由为网关的设备要对外暴露服务时，端口映射必须先从主路由映射到旁路由，再由旁路由转给设备（也就是绕两跳），每加一个服务都要配两层转发。</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3cb8182321b880ecb47ada08526d246f"><div>还有<b>弊端三</b>（结构性短板）：把网关指向旁路由的设备，国内外流量会全部经它转发，无法按目的分流，宽带的直连速度与双线路冗余都参与不进来。</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3c58182321b880afacfad7878d487f91"><div>需要指正的是，原文中“旁路由=透明网关”的说法并不严谨。严格来说，旁路由是一种<b>部署形态</b>：一台与主路由并联挂进 LAN、以固定 IP 供其他设备挂网关/DNS 的旁挂设备；而“透明网关”是一种<b>转发工作模式</b>：终端零改动（连默认网关都不变），流量在网络层被透明接管。旁路由并不等同于透明网关——旁路由只是“对应用透明”（终端无需装代理），并不代表网络层透明；透明网关也不一定非要采用旁路由形态，还可以由内联桥接设备或主路由自身的透明代理实现。</div></blockquote><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c28182321b88062807bd5178572fdf0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A81ab5292-f29b-45c2-9a9e-b3a6bb8fa5bc%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c281823-21b8-8062-807b-d5178572fdf0&amp;t=3c281823-21b8-8062-807b-d5178572fdf0" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3bd8182321b8806d9598cbaaf884edf8" data-id="3bd8182321b8806d9598cbaaf884edf8"><span><div id="3bd8182321b8806d9598cbaaf884edf8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3bd8182321b8806d9598cbaaf884edf8" title="2. 方案原理：按目的 IP 分流"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 方案原理：按目的 IP 分流</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3bd8182321b8807fbeddd7d1d98bc295">内网以旁路由作为网关的设备，会将所有数据发送给旁路由进行处理，假设说我们可以实现将国内、境外流量进行划分，然后发送给不同的网关进行处理，那么将可以解决前面所提到的旁路由弊端。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3c28182321b880219cc6d1a098aae743"><div>比如，国内的流量发给运营商宽带，国外的流量发给旁路由，那么即使旁路由下线，也不会影响国内的正常流量（只要主路由不出问题），这即是本文所要实现的网络架构。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c28182321b880f5ae50c6d9b4eae2a9">区分国内境外流量最直接的方式，就是根据 IP 来进行区分。目前 GitHub 上面已经有现成的国内 IP 地址数据，例如 <a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/mayaxcn/china-ip-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">mayaxcn/china-ip-list</a> 和 <a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/17mon/china_ip_list" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">17mon/china_ip_list</a> ，只要数据包的目的 IP 地址不属于国内 IP 网段，那么就默认为境外数据。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c28182321b880cf864bf8b9dce334ea">iKuai 系统中有一个叫作“多线负载”的功能，可以根据目的 IP 地址实现对数据包的分流，因此本文将以 iKuai 作为主路由、OpenWrt 作为接收境外流量的另一个网关，从而实现一种既可以实现线路冗余，也可以满足流量分流的网络架构。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-202cbd34c9cd4f2f89cb5130f8cac14a"><div>就算出现国内流量错误分流到了代理网关，代理网关内部还有一道二次分流，最大化将国内流量直连。</div></blockquote><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3c28182321b880f39ffed72b751f4c3e" data-id="3c28182321b880f39ffed72b751f4c3e"><span><div id="3c28182321b880f39ffed72b751f4c3e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c28182321b880f39ffed72b751f4c3e" title="3. 最终架构总览"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. 最终架构总览</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88008ad6dde78ed028746">这里先用一张图看清两条路的分流走向，下面再展开：</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-cd6836694a484a0bac12b8fec7b42b27"><div>说明：本图只画数据通路的走向，DNS 查询路径不在其中（见第 7 章）；「回 iKuai」之后为何不会再被分流，见第 5.5 节。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8807996c7e0756d0e42ee">对应的地址规划（读者可根据实际自行修改，此处仅作示例）：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c58182321b8805f8104d796200f7be0"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c58182321b880c98572cc873025813a"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">角色</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">地址</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">说明</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880d9bddcf034e49eabf7"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">iKuai（主路由）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">10.0.0.1/24</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">拨号、DHCP 下发、按目的 IP 分流</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880e88a24c101fc6aaf77"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">逻辑线路 wan2</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">192.168.3.2 → 192.168.3.1</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">主路由与代理网关之间的专用线路</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880658dbeea0e0efcc637"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">OpenWrt（代理网关）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">eth0：10.0.0.2；
eth1：192.168.3.1</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">接收 wan2 转来的境外流量，由代理工具处理</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3cc8182321b880a58b2ad93ecf3eeda5"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">Alpine（DNS 层）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">10.0.0.3</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">接收内网 DNS 查询（第 7 章展开）</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b8805d92bcc1822708000d"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">内网设备</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">DHCP 在 10.0.0.0/24 内分配</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">网关、DNS 由主路由下发，零改动</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880ea9b27e29818a325d6">我们以电脑访问一个国外网站为例，了解这套网络架构的运作过程：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b88004ab56c1df79044bb2" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>解析：浏览器先向 DNS 层查询域名，拿到网站的 IP（DNS 层如何保证解析正确，见第 7 章，此处不展开）。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8803b8ba3f6e068e64b55" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>出网：电脑把请求发给自己的默认网关（主路由 iKuai）。电脑没有任何改动，网关、DNS 都是主路由下发的原值。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b88015bf2edfcd332a6f18" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>分流：iKuai 检查包里的目的 IP：属于国内网段 → 从 wan1 直接走宽带出口；属于境外网段 → 从 wan2 交给代理网关。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8805e9dd5efe165c3a658" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>代理：OpenWrt 收到后，代理工具按自身规则做最终判断——该走代理的加密出站，该直连的直连。</li></ol><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3c58182321b88067b814e5f25608e38a"><div>第 4 步正是第 2 章说的二次分流判断：即使主路由的国内 IP 表偶尔不完整，最多是多绕一段，不会错得离谱（因此 iKuai 中的国内 IP 网段不需要经常性维护，这一点在后续也会说明）。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880a29470c37ed892839b">对照第 1 章的传统旁路由，可以立刻看出区别：旁路由方案里，它一挂全部设备断网；而在这里，它只是两条路之一，代理网关宕机只影响境外流量，国内流量照常从 wan1 直连，还可以靠 iKuai 的线路自动切换兜底。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880b78e06f9bc8175f2c4">最后把两种方案的优缺点放在一起看：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88034a584f4b05f5bd352">优点：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3c58182321b8804eb8fdd63b365cb24f"><li>终端零改动，不需要为任何设备改网关/DNS（对应第 1 章的弊端一）。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3c58182321b88078a0bfc6caae9d6a5f"><li>端口映射单层单跳，主路由直接映射到内网服务（对应第 1 章的弊端二）。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3c58182321b880b6809ecf1a15050470"><li>国内外流量按目的 IP 直接分流，互不干扰（对应第 1 章的弊端三）。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3c58182321b880e796d6d4a5cca2db30"><li>可叠加 iKuai 流控与设备级管控，比如限速、指定某台设备不走代理。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880adad51f61a24edd955">代价：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3c58182321b88058a256dc0be2776adf"><li>国内 IP 表<b>仅需偶尔手动维护</b>（见第 5.3 节）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3c58182321b8809b835ee6a9db5ffaa1"><li>搭建门槛比旁路由方案高，需要先理解虚拟化与分流逻辑，动手前建议通读第 4~7 章。</li></ul><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3bd8182321b88025b650c1ce9a5b2f71" data-id="3bd8182321b88025b650c1ce9a5b2f71"><span><div id="3bd8182321b88025b650c1ce9a5b2f71" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3bd8182321b88025b650c1ce9a5b2f71" title="4. 搭建：虚拟化层"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4. 搭建：虚拟化层</span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b880e284e2c600aed293e0" data-id="3c58182321b880e284e2c600aed293e0"><span><div id="3c58182321b880e284e2c600aed293e0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b880e284e2c600aed293e0" title="4.1 硬件与网口规划"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4.1 硬件与网口规划</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880fe85b8ddfc5fe5e2af">本章开始，将从实际物理设备出发，介绍具体的搭建过程。以下是博主的主路由设备：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c58182321b880c9a085f68b266ddcbe"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c58182321b8807c91ece1c4f140abc7"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">硬件</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">规格</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880b3b0a5e05a5fdbaf78"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">CPU</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">Intel Celeron N5105（4C/4T）</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880d69c48eb8e9d942720"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">内存</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">32 GB</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b88097a4defb6544f45075"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">网卡</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">4× Intel I225-V（2.5 GbE）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880919a73f5490276a9e8">这台 N5105 是博主几年前买的设备（目前仍在服役），网口规划如下：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c58182321b8805e9301f15cd457e54c"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c58182321b880488832d0dcf81b32ae"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">物理口</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">iKuai 逻辑口</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">用途</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880b38bdae225ffcba1db"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">eth0</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">wan1</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">宽带拨号</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880edaf93eb63b96e3daa"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">eth1</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">lan1</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">主 LAN（10.0.0.1/24）</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-1321d3d086de4c9ca7f083cc01120f6c"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">eth2</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">（预留）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880f098dec0c0f57f794e"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">eth3</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">lan2</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">副 LAN 或其他用途</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88013869ce51b7752966d">这台设备使用 iKuai 作为底层，虚拟机也是搭建在 iKuai 上。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3c58182321b8802fb329e2fd72f120c4"><div>我建议读者可以选择使用 PVE 或 ESXi 虚拟化平台作为底层，更易于维护，并且这不影响实际的架构逻辑。两张虚拟网卡的规划完全不变：第一张桥接到宿主机上与物理 LAN 口相连的网桥；第二张则和 iKuai 虚拟机追加的网卡一起，接入一块不绑定任何物理网卡的内网网桥 —— 两卡之间的主机内部链路就是 wan2。</div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b8808b886afdf1ff21672e" data-id="3c58182321b8808b886afdf1ff21672e"><span><div id="3c58182321b8808b886afdf1ff21672e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b8808b886afdf1ff21672e" title="4.2 VM 规划"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4.2 VM 规划</span></span></h3><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c58182321b88063bf70e3bad7a80776"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c58182321b88009b1aef6987f17991b"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">VM</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">角色</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">资源</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">虚拟网卡</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b88004b338ced82f2c7ac3"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">OpenWrt</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">代理层</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">2C/1G</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">2 张：eth0→lan1（角色 WAN）、eth1→wan2（角色 LAN，对应 192.168.3.x）</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b8805aa0e1c0ef7ade8acc"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">Alpine</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">DNS 层（PaoPaoDNS 等）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">2C/4G</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">1 张：→lan1（10.0.0.3）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8804b8972fbe30ac3814f">虚拟机资源分配方面，OpenWrt 本身占用资源不多（尤其是只作为代理角色），因此 1G 的内存已经足够使用；而对于 Alpine 服务器，虽然 PaoPaoDNS 官方建议家用 2G 即可，但博主这台 VM 上还同时跑着 AdGuard Home，因此分配了 4G——这类 DNS/过滤服务的缓存是内存越多命中率越高，如果读者设备 CPU 核心数和内存充足，多给一些也无妨。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b8802aa973f41200fd93a2" data-id="3c58182321b8802aa973f41200fd93a2"><span><div id="3c58182321b8802aa973f41200fd93a2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b8802aa973f41200fd93a2" title="4.3 wan2 的实现（虚拟 wan 口）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4.3 wan2 的实现（虚拟 wan 口）</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880429d7cc79530aec52c">wan2 的本质是一条“iKuai ↔ 代理虚拟机”之间的专用线路，两端地址固定为 192.168.3.2（iKuai 侧）↔ 192.168.3.1（代理虚拟机侧）。它不需要绑定物理网口，直接绑定到 iKuai 的虚拟机网桥（Kvm Virtual Bridge Ethernet Controller）上。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8808283e3ed30da592440">创建步骤如下：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b880f48b04d16e7daebff3" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>进入 wan1 口的设置，点击右侧 <code class="notion-inline-code">+</code> 号添加 wan2；</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8807780ddd6fc0732632c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>绑定方式选择 Kvm Virtual Bridge Ethernet Controller（虚拟机网桥）；</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b880e08fddc092023651d9" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>设置 IP 地址、子网掩码和网关——网关填代理虚拟机 lan 口的 IP（具体配置见 5.2 章节）。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88084a274cedac3be3c14">之后创建代理虚拟机时，把其中一张虚拟网卡桥接到这个 wan2 接口即可。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c68182321b88090aba8fb4c2c6d1b86"><summary>示意图：创建虚拟 wan 口</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b880e78c0affe93ed1ca00"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ab8442d56-06f3-426c-9266-f8e81bbafce0%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-80e7-8c0a-ffe93ed1ca00&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-80e7-8c0a-ffe93ed1ca00" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3bd8182321b880eea580c0dc09539f5b" data-id="3bd8182321b880eea580c0dc09539f5b"><span><div id="3bd8182321b880eea580c0dc09539f5b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3bd8182321b880eea580c0dc09539f5b" title="5. 搭建：iKuai 配置"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5. 搭建：iKuai 配置</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880f7a82ce3790b4cab56">虚拟机搭好之后，进入 iKuai 系统内配置。这一步是整篇文章的核心，共 6 个小节：前 5 节决定分流走向（按顺序做完，分流逻辑就完整了），第 6 节保证代理侧看到真实源 IP。本章不涉及 DNS 设置，DNS 在本文作为第 7 章进行单独讲解。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b880918a30f849fd14a3c3" data-id="3c58182321b880918a30f849fd14a3c3"><span><div id="3c58182321b880918a30f849fd14a3c3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b880918a30f849fd14a3c3" title="5.1 拨号与 lan 设置"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.1 拨号与 lan 设置</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880bea569f3f245244dec">先在 iKuai 内确认 wan1 可以正常拨号上网，lan1 按第 4 章的地址规划设置为 10.0.0.1/24。单线情况下只有一个 lan 口参与主内网，步骤简单，这里不再展开。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b8805e8c7ad7885c0944c3"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A360e821e-707b-4087-be66-f6ceb56a0c7c%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-805e-8c7a-d7885c0944c3&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-805e-8c7a-d7885c0944c3" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b8808280afee816a5e5316" data-id="3c58182321b8808280afee816a5e5316"><span><div id="3c58182321b8808280afee816a5e5316" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b8808280afee816a5e5316" title="5.2 wan2 设置（关键）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.2 wan2 设置（关键）</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880a4990dec5e7e97474c">wan2 是第 4 章里与代理虚拟机之间的那条专用线路（虚拟 wan 口，网段 192.168.3.x），配置如下（配置截图详情参考 4.3 章节）：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b880e587c0e6fb515be972" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>接入方式选择静态 IP（固定 IP）；</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8808db6d5ff1f14aa54f1" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>IP 地址填 192.168.3.2（代理虚拟机一侧是 192.168.3.1，对端固定）；</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8805dabe3ece981a4c839" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>网关填代理虚拟机的 lan 口地址 192.168.3.1；</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8804c9cf9ca33ea345cd0" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>将 wan2 设置为默认网关；</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8804d91e7f80f18569960" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>开启线路检测，检测目标填代理虚拟机面向 iKuai 的地址（10.0.0.2）。</li></ol><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c88182321b880ccb356f32e18bf2c95"><summary>示意图：虚拟 wan 口配置</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b8809eb143c78cab20fcf7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aaaf9d4ad-6fbb-4d50-a7b3-3f4adfd6a956%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-809e-b143-c78cab20fcf7&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-809e-b143-c78cab20fcf7" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880a78e7cc21de3fbd031">为什么要让 wan2 当默认网关？</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88006bddec3578b7ea750">因为 iKuai 的多线负载是“先匹配、匹配不到走默认网关”的机制：国内 IP 表负责匹配出直连流量，剩下的境外流量自然落进默认网关，把默认网关指向代理虚拟机，就等于“境外流量默认交给代理处理”。这和旁路由“改终端网关”的思路正好相反：终端什么都不用改，主路由自己就把境外流量分流出去了。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88035a63be25bb4768336">线路检测的作用是兜底：当代理虚拟机离线时，iKuai 会自动把默认线路切回 wan1，保证设备仍能正常上网（只是不能走代理）。这正是第 3 章所说“代理网关宕机只影响境外流量”的实现机制。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b880d4b252e1eb53f72de2" data-id="3c58182321b880d4b252e1eb53f72de2"><span><div id="3c58182321b880d4b252e1eb53f72de2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b880d4b252e1eb53f72de2" title="5.3 添加国内 IP 表"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.3 添加国内 IP 表</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88071a6f7f626f22b4951">iKuai 的多线负载功能可实现“自定义运营商”，即可以自行添加 IP 列表，然后根据 IP 列表进行流量分流。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3c58182321b880b3962efea92c92f2a8"><div>自定义运营商：在 iKuai <a class="notion-link" href="https://www.ikuai8.com/support/ymgn/lyym/lkfl/ea195.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官方文档</a>定义中，每个“运营商”标签背后都对应了一批目的 IP 地址段，线路选择好运营商后，命中这批地址段的流量就从该线路出口进行转发。系统只内置了“全部/电信/联通/移动/教育”几个标准运营商，而自定义运营商允许用户自行导入一批 IP 网段（格式如 192.168.6.1/24，一行一条），把它当作一个新的运营商参与到多线负载的匹配中。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88011a024e7f5fae31dda">我们创建一个自定义运营商，将  <a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/mayaxcn/china-ip-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">mayaxcn/china-ip-list</a> 或 <a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/17mon/china_ip_list" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">17mon/china_ip_list</a> （或任何其他的国内地址项目）国内 IP 地址段加入其中，就可以区分国内 / 境外流量。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b88068ada2e2d9c2f8cd7a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af5799207-6b49-4b52-b141-775afa8dea00%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-8068-ada2-e2d9c2f8cd7a&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-8068-ada2-e2d9c2f8cd7a" alt="iKuai 的自定义运营商最多只能添加 5000 条目的地址，因此需要分两次添加才能放完全部国内 IP 段（添加第二段 IP 时，运营商名称保持一致即可）" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">iKuai 的自定义运营商最多只能添加 5000 条目的地址，因此需要分两次添加才能放完全部国内 IP 段（添加第二段 IP 时，运营商名称保持一致即可）</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8802799c8e7434e6e50d3">IP 列表的维护方式：<b>我建议读者半年手动维护一次即可，不推荐使用脚本自动更新。</b>原因有二：一是国内 IP 网段变动不大（全球 IPv4 地址枯竭，基本不会出现大变动的情况）；二是由于原因一，单独部署脚本的收益不高，还增加了维护成本和造成配置错误的风险。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b8807f8068f4aebd3b74c1" data-id="3c58182321b8807f8068f4aebd3b74c1"><span><div id="3c58182321b8807f8068f4aebd3b74c1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b8807f8068f4aebd3b74c1" title="5.4 添加多线负载规则"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.4 添加多线负载规则</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880838852d656e7589a76">在“多线负载”中新增一条规则：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c58182321b880d3a449cd57122c9c8f"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c58182321b880a4bb19cd9cac5fb093"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">字段</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">值</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880508ec5d60bec625718"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">运营商</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">上一步建好的自定义运营商（国内 IP）</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880ea8a5ce02422a4f849"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">线路</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">wan1（即运营商线路），负载比例 1，启用</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b8808b8e61d8fdaf7550cd"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">负载模式</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">源 IP（或源 IP + 目的 IP，单线路下无实质差别）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880b6a4daf1d78d0b3da4">这条规则的含义：目的 IP 属于国内网段的流量，一律走 wan1 直连；wan2 不需要启用负载规则，境外流量由默认网关兜底进代理。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b880658c61dfe205b45910"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A5bca0144-b1c7-479b-927d-21a46e964e6c%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-8065-8c61-dfe205b45910&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-8065-8c61-dfe205b45910" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b88087adbedaa744cf1633" data-id="3c58182321b88087adbedaa744cf1633"><span><div id="3c58182321b88087adbedaa744cf1633" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b88087adbedaa744cf1633" title="5.5 添加防环路端口分流"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.5 添加防环路端口分流</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880a0ac6dc34609a30f60">如果到此为止，代理机流量会陷入回环：iKuai → wan2 → 代理 → 回 iKuai → 再次匹配多线负载 → 又回 wan2 → … 。因此需要一条端口分流规则，把代理虚拟机的出站流量直接送进运营商线路：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c58182321b880c89c11edea522557d0"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c58182321b880b39115e35c7f06816f"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">字段</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">值</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b88007a629ef200a39bd70"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">分流对象</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">代理虚拟机面向 iKuai 的地址（10.0.0.2）</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b88097865bc1f77f82e0b9"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">线路</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">wan1</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880ecb54bfcb00e66c36a"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">负载模式</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">源 IP</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880c3bde9e21d045f5caf">当 iKuai 收到来自 10.0.0.2 的数据包（代理处理完毕的返回流量）时，直接走 wan1 出网，不再参与 IP 分流匹配。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c68182321b8805eb200d0258bf0e515"><summary>示意图：防环路端口分流配置</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b8807c8612c1160620c5f7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A2db7dcd9-6ed7-455d-b094-a86291cf570c%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-807c-8612-c1160620c5f7&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-807c-8612-c1160620c5f7" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b88002ab65c0f159672368" data-id="3c58182321b88002ab65c0f159672368"><span><div id="3c58182321b88002ab65c0f159672368" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b88002ab65c0f159672368" title="5.6 添加 NAT 规则保留源 IP"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.6 添加 NAT 规则保留源 IP</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880d195caf4d2abb8f35f">在“网络设置 → NAT 规则”中新增一条规则：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c58182321b8801da711d316868baeb3"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c58182321b8802e96cfc1303e6239f1"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">字段</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">值</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880c5b52fd509fd2caf54"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">动作</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">过滤（不做 NAT）</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880538679e0f00e2f89ad"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">出接口</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">wan2</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880ccbcd6fc67e6368265"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">协议</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">任意</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88029bf04c797cbb14bb0">如果不加这条，iKuai 会把发往 wan2 的流量做 SNAT（源地址转换）：代理虚拟机看到的所有来源 IP 都会变成 192.168.3.2（wan2 的地址），而不是内网设备的真实 IP；加上后代理侧能看到真实的设备 IP，便于后续在代理里做按设备分流/统计。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c68182321b880109843e70d732a6c54"><summary>示意图：NAT 规则</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b8802f98abe6ca84020a93"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aea4b4e58-c797-4791-a34b-619cd2f0708a%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-802f-98ab-e6ca84020a93&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-802f-98ab-e6ca84020a93" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b880b1ae19f1367668ad87" data-id="3c58182321b880b1ae19f1367668ad87"><span><div id="3c58182321b880b1ae19f1367668ad87" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b880b1ae19f1367668ad87" title="小结"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">小结</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88054b2f8da4d193173c8">以上六步配置串起来就是完整的分流链路：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8800c83a3c4c7edaa6a76">拨号上网 → wan2 兜底境外流量 → 国内 IP 表匹配直连 → 多线负载执行分流 → 防环规则避免代理流量回流 → NAT 规则保留真实源 IP。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3bd8182321b880a083fbeaa35448110c" data-id="3bd8182321b880a083fbeaa35448110c"><span><div id="3bd8182321b880a083fbeaa35448110c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3bd8182321b880a083fbeaa35448110c" title="6. 搭建：OpenWrt 配置"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">6. 搭建：OpenWrt 配置</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880c2aa9cfb9c964201e6">上一章在 iKuai 里完成了分流配置，本章把代理网关这一侧配起来。代理网关就是第 4 章创建的 OpenWrt 虚拟机。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880759774e3a32dfd5271"><b>需要特别说明的是，本章节的虚拟机是搭建在 iKuai 中，因此相关的设置与 iKuai 高度绑定，但如果读者能够理解其中的逻辑，那么无论是 PVE、ESXi 或其他平台都可以正确设置。</b></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b88089a5befca18f498108" data-id="3c58182321b88089a5befca18f498108"><span><div id="3c58182321b88089a5befca18f498108" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b88089a5befca18f498108" title="6.1 静态 IP 配置"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">6.1 静态 IP 配置</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880b9aaacd0657e36d24e">有个容易混淆的点需读者注意：网卡角色在两个系统里是反过来的。第 4.2 节虚拟网卡表里“eth0→lan1（角色 WAN）、eth1→wan2（角色 LAN）”是 iKuai 虚拟机网桥的视角；进入 OpenWrt 系统后，这两张卡的角色反过来：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c58182321b880c0a81ad656abd3521e"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c58182321b88017b475fda56bcc2e3a"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">虚拟网卡（iKuai 桥接视角）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">OpenWrt 内接口</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">IP 地址</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">作用</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b880a994acd941b476c07e"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">eth0 → lan1（角色 WAN）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">wan</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">10.0.0.2/24，网关 10.0.0.1</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">处理完的流量回送主路由出网</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c58182321b88018b87dc417bb3f5508"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">eth1 → wan2（角色 LAN）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">lan</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">192.168.3.1/24，不配网关</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">接收主路由 wan2 转来的境外流量</div></td></tr></tbody></table><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c68182321b8809fb1beef56fb07cb6b"><summary>示意图：OpenWrt 虚拟机网卡配置</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b880e8b6e6f1296c2471b0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A7b2d0402-4e74-464f-a41b-f9d63b0ac890%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-80e8-b6e6-f1296c2471b0&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-80e8-b6e6-f1296c2471b0" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b880559fcff10d407fb464"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A8ed3d74e-4641-4426-9aba-76f1205f3429%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-8055-9fcf-f10d407fb464&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-8055-9fcf-f10d407fb464" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8809d8ea7da9724ddd712">换句话说：面向内网（lan1）的那张卡在 OpenWrt 里当 wan，面向 wan2 的那张卡在 OpenWrt 里当 lan。理由正是第 3 章数据流的第 3、4 步——流量从 wan2 进来（对 OpenWrt 而言是从外面进来的流量），处理完从 10.0.0.2 回 iKuai（对它而言是出去的流量）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88005bdcdf49730e6730e">lan 口（192.168.3.1）：只需填 IP 地址和子网掩码，不配网关、不填 DNS，也不要开启 DHCP 服务 —— 本方案 DHCP 由主路由统一下发，OpenWrt 不承担任何地址分配。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8800b9d6fd3ee31d3dce9">wan 口（10.0.0.2）：填 IP 地址、子网掩码和网关（10.0.0.1）。DNS 可以先填公共 DNS（如 223.5.5.5）保证 OpenWrt 自身能解析；DNS 的正式方案见第 7 章，这里不展开。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c68182321b880759ff1c1f3370a8297"><summary>示意图：OpenWrt 虚拟机内部网卡配置</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b8809883c6ec891d2e8fa5"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A76d7170f-597d-45ee-8418-f76c200a9e41%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-8098-83c6-ec891d2e8fa5&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-8098-83c6-ec891d2e8fa5" alt="对应关系" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">对应关系</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c68182321b88096a6f4e2f00ea84625"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A07727791-aa2d-43c9-9fef-913171926c06%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c681823-21b8-8096-a6f4-e2f00ea84625&amp;t=3c681823-21b8-8096-a6f4-e2f00ea84625" alt="eth0 → wan 口" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">eth0 → wan 口</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c68182321b88078add0dadc5041ab58"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af48f4712-6f52-4635-adb3-1fb66517d2ae%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c681823-21b8-8078-add0-dadc5041ab58&amp;t=3c681823-21b8-8078-add0-dadc5041ab58" alt="eth1 → lan 口" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">eth1 → lan 口</figcaption></div></figure></div></details><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b88042a5aaec76b24f8be2" data-id="3c58182321b88042a5aaec76b24f8be2"><span><div id="3c58182321b88042a5aaec76b24f8be2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b88042a5aaec76b24f8be2" title="6.2 防火墙：wan 区域开启 masquerade（关键）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">6.2 防火墙：wan 区域开启 masquerade（关键）</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880e885b0ff32fe74697e">这是本章最容易踩的坑，请务必照做。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880ff9237f200750c1ac5">在 OpenWrt 的“网络 → 防火墙 → 区域设置”中，确认 wan 口（10.0.0.2）绑定在 wan 区域、wan2 口（192.168.3.1）绑定在 lan 区域（大多数固件默认如此，没有 wan 区域就新建一个），然后在 wan 区域勾选“IP 动态伪装”（masquerade）。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b880c79237db973d5ee157"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A486405a0-9351-4c27-afeb-42c7fabf67e3%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-80c7-9237-db973d5ee157&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-80c7-9237-db973d5ee157" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880748166c26e68e48b66">为什么不勾不行？从 wan 口出站时，如果源 IP 还是内网设备的真实 IP（比如 10.0.0.50），iKuai 收到后无法区分“这是代理返回的流量”还是“新的请求”，会再次丢回 wan2，于是一个包在 10.0.0.1 和 10.0.0.2 之间无限弹跳。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880f2b9e2f88895c6e5ec">这里与第 5.6 节恰好是一对：第 5.6 节让 iKuai 对进 wan2 的流量不做 NAT（保留真实源 IP 给代理侧看），本节让 OpenWrt 对出 wan 的流量做 NAT（伪装成 10.0.0.2 让主路由认得出），两个方向相反的 NAT 决策配套，整条链路才完整。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880caae15ef02be55f678">注意：“流量卸载类型”（flow offloading）建议关闭，避免可能的兼容问题。代理虚拟机负载很低，关掉没有性能损失。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b8800984c3d27faa4fb4d9" data-id="3c58182321b8800984c3d27faa4fb4d9"><span><div id="3c58182321b8800984c3d27faa4fb4d9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b8800984c3d27faa4fb4d9" title="6.3 代理工具"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>6.3 代理工具</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8801bb790f2a534ed766c">本教程代理工具用 Nikki，是 mihomo（Clash Meta 内核）在 OpenWrt 上的插件，替代旧文时的 OpenClash，配置更轻。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3c58182321b880d9914bdec35dc1b57f"><div>这里推荐使用博主的开箱即用 Nikki 配置文件：<a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/JackieWuu/mihomo_config/tree/main/nikki" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/JackieWuu/mihomo_config/tree/main/nikki</a></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880808dcbdd2b999cd1f6">如果你使用博主的配置，那么 Nikki 设定 DNS 服务监听 7874 端口（和旧文 OpenClash 的 DNS 端口一致，老用户可以无缝迁移）。它与独立 DNS 层如何对接，是第 7 章的主题，这里先不展开。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880408572e50bb82d9fd3">配置完成后做个最小验证：在 OpenWrt 的「状态 → 终端」里执行 <code class="notion-inline-code">curl -I https://www.google.com</code> ，能拿到 HTTP 响应头即说明代理链路通了。完整的验证与排错清单见第 8 章。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b880d1b278f030aa8667e9" data-id="3c58182321b880d1b278f030aa8667e9"><span><div id="3c58182321b880d1b278f030aa8667e9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b880d1b278f030aa8667e9" title="小结"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">小结</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b88086b0baf734bb50e0b1">代理网关只要确保三件事完成：设置好静态 IP（6.1）→ 防火墙开启 IP 动态伪装保证代理回程流量直连出网、不回环（6.2）→ Nikki 代理流量（6.3）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c98182321b880c8a89fec4c5e24be61">至此，OpenWrt 的路径是这样的：境外流量从 wan2 进代理网关、处理完从 10.0.0.2 回 iKuai、经防环分流上 wan1 出网。还差最后一块拼图 —— DNS。为什么 DNS 要独立成层、PaoPaoDNS 与 Nikki 怎么对接，见第 7 章。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3bd8182321b880e1ba6fea54c59a924e" data-id="3bd8182321b880e1ba6fea54c59a924e"><span><div id="3bd8182321b880e1ba6fea54c59a924e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3bd8182321b880e1ba6fea54c59a924e" title="7. DNS 独立成层"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">7. DNS 独立成层</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8808aa3cfed3e4cecf0af">第 5、6 章配置完，分流链路已经通了，只剩 DNS。第 2 章的分流机制有一个隐含前提：分流是否正确，取决于 DNS 解析是否正确；而 DNS 由谁来解析，直接决定这套架构靠不靠得住。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b8803dafb7c7146093eec2" data-id="3c58182321b8803dafb7c7146093eec2"><span><div id="3c58182321b8803dafb7c7146093eec2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b8803dafb7c7146093eec2" title="7.1 为什么 DNS 不能交给代理网关"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">7.1 为什么 DNS 不能交给代理网关</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8809da6f4d8bc521f453f">最省事的做法，是把 DNS 也交给代理网关：让 iKuai 把 DNS 指向 OpenWrt，靠代理工具的 DNS 功能防污染。早期方案正是这么做的，实践下来有两个问题：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b88013ab84e6a60e99bf61" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>DNS 成了新的隐患。</b> 代理网关一出问题，全屋设备连域名都解析不了，典型症状是微信/QQ 还能收消息（它们直连 IP），网页却打不开。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8807689b9fcfde41d6354" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>与按目的 IP 分流互斥。</b> 假如开 Fake-IP 模式：DNS 查询返回一个 198.18.x.x 的假地址。iKuai 拿到假地址判断不出国内还是境外（假地址不在国内 IP 表里），按目的 IP 分流的目的无法实现，因为所有流量都进了代理网关，等于退回旁路由模式。</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8807689b9fcfde41d6354" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3c58182321b880cca052c0b05f1e02a3"><div>虽然可以通过配置 mihomo 的 fake-ip-filter 实现 DNS 解析真实地址返回，但部署 DNS 服务器仍具有优势。</div></blockquote></ol></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8807fb371ea523bb69012">综上，DNS 必须从代理网关里拆出来，作为独立的服务运行。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b880198e3ce4f577047b72" data-id="3c58182321b880198e3ce4f577047b72"><span><div id="3c58182321b880198e3ce4f577047b72" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b880198e3ce4f577047b72" title="7.2 推荐架构：DNS 层先分流，iKuai 层再分流"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">7.2 推荐架构：DNS 层先分流，iKuai 层再分流</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cc8182321b880c897bedde1594ecfc4">解决方案很简单：<b>再虚拟一台 Alpine 服务器跑 PaoPaoDNS（10.0.0.3），DHCP 把内网 DNS 下发为它；PaoPaoDNS 负责把域名分对，iKuai 负责把数据包分对（按目的 IP），OpenWrt 只负责代理。</b></div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c58182321b880989916ecac9980e294"><summary>PaoPaoDNS 介绍（<span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://blog.03k.org/post/paopaodns.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">PaoPaoDNS 详细说明</a></span><span class="notion-blue"> | </span><span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/kkkgo/PaoPaoDNS" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub 仓库</a></span><span class="notion-blue">）</span></summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8806f9d8dc81ac716c18d">PaoPaoDNS 是一个递归 DNS 服务器，它针对 China 大陆，还有智能根据 CN 分流加密查询的功能，也可以自定义分流列表，可以自动更新 IP 库，分流使用了 mosdns 程序，加密查询使用 dnscrypt 程序，针对 IPv4/IPv6 双栈用户也有优化处理。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880ddaeede11de19acdf7"><b>PaoPaoDNS 的作用就相当于你把 114 搭建在了自己家里，你再也不需要使用 114 或者 223 之类的公共 DNS 服务器了，而且解析速度比公共的 DNS 服务器更快。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c98182321b8805db583c86353175253">但需要特别说明的是，PaoPaoDNS 会吃网络环境。以博主的两条家庭宽带为例，其中一条移动宽带是免费送的（且大内网 IP），一到晚高峰网络波动大，随之 PaoPaoDNS 在做递归的时候效果特别差；另外一条宽带是联通宽带，自费开通，PaoPaoDNS 的效果就要比移动宽带好得多。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3c98182321b880a0bf41ef007515974b"><div>所以如果读者的家庭网络和博主移动宽带环境类似，那也不必担心，可以通过其他方式解决，虽然效果上会稍微差一点。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cc8182321b8800c9407c4640821e535">PaoPaoDNS 可以通过 Docker 进行快速部署，你只需要调整好相应的变量就可以直接部署到设备上。考虑到本方案的网络架构稳定性，我没有选择将 PaoPaoDNS 搭建在 OpenWrt 里面，而是另外再虚拟化一个 Linux 系统进行部署，这样最大化稳定性。甚至如果有条件的话，读者还可以拿单独的设备去搭建 PaoPaoDNS 。</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c58182321b880d99f6ae9c68a003e40"><summary>Alpine 虚拟机 &amp; PaoPaoDNS 搭建</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8808a98caf8809c695863">Alpine 是一个以安全为导向的轻量级 Linux 发行版，基于 musl libc 和 busybox ，它具有体积小、资源消耗低等特点。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c58182321b88087808ef16a5742c69d"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F7282f1d0-3d93-43fb-b3db-0d613fddf94b%2FSnipaste_2024-03-11_21-49-39.png?table=block&amp;id=3c581823-21b8-8087-808e-f16a5742c69d&amp;t=3c581823-21b8-8087-808e-f16a5742c69d&amp;width=707.9817504882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="官网地址：https://www.alpinelinux.org" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">官网地址：<a class="notion-link" href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.alpinelinux.org</a></figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cc8182321b880ee8472e4ad18788208">Alpine 有专门用于虚拟机环境的 <code class="notion-inline-code">.iso</code> 系统安装镜像（<a class="notion-link" href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/downloads/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">下载地址</a>），我下载的 x86 架构的虚拟机安装镜像大小只有 60M ，非常适合用来搭建 PaoPaoDNS 。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-7318182321b8826c873a018e8446cb7a"><summary>参考：安装并初始化 Alpine 的流程</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-f5c8182321b883b4beb70100acf0375c">由于博主使用的是 iKuai 系统，所以这里就以 iKuai 作为底层系统介绍 Alpine 虚拟机的安装过程。根据 PaoPaoDNS 作者的建议，Docker 部署下的环境要求如下：</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3f88182321b883d9963d8183e01e9eb6"><div>PaoPaoDNS 作者：docker 的运行家用建议内存 2G，企业环境建议 16G ，再大了意义不太大（实际内存占用差不多达到 4G 已经很厉害了，当然，内存越大性能越好，命中率体验更棒），容器启动的时候会根据可用内存调整配置文件参数，占用内存不会超过上限。根据 GitHub 的使用者反馈，有最低 512M 内存的 ARM 路由器流畅使用的案例。实际上，在最低参数启动下的缓存也是能满足家庭使用需求的。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-0798182321b88208b74e811aac55b78c">根据博主自己的实际情况，我选择给 Alpine 虚拟机分配了 4G 的内存，因为同时间我还需要在 Alpine 上面搭建 Adguard Home ，如果读者的设备上有足量的内存，多分配一些也是不错的。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-5078182321b882cfa1c681dd1d905253"><summary>1️⃣ 在 iKuai 文件管理中新建一个文件夹用来存放 Alpine <code class="notion-inline-code">iso</code> 安装镜像以及虚拟硬盘，然后获取 iso 镜像文件路径。</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-a3f8182321b8831ab9d081f78789093a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2c271e86-49e1-4ac3-bfcd-0ba1c25054ac%2FSnipaste_2024-03-13_02-06-18.png?table=block&amp;id=a3f81823-21b8-831a-b9d0-81f78789093a&amp;t=a3f81823-21b8-831a-b9d0-81f78789093a&amp;width=653.9961547851562&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-9538182321b882c5872e019d3b15fac4"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fc7196ac3-64cf-4eba-bb3e-82c7769fc780%2FSnipaste_2024-03-13_02-07-25.png?table=block&amp;id=95381823-21b8-82c5-872e-019d3b15fac4&amp;t=95381823-21b8-82c5-872e-019d3b15fac4&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e48182321b88333ae1c819cabcf23a7">复制镜像文件地址：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7e68182321b8831984de81a88e8597f2"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F44cc83f4-55ae-4403-abbb-3bb9f8546812%2FSnipaste_2024-03-13_02-08-05.png?table=block&amp;id=7e681823-21b8-8319-84de-81a88e8597f2&amp;t=7e681823-21b8-8319-84de-81a88e8597f2&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-6678182321b8839081650178849707cc"><summary>2️⃣ 新建虚拟机</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-e268182321b882e9b9830106202af957"><b>添加虚拟机：</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-9338182321b882b392ca01c50aaefc83"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F0301ab07-714d-4394-b1bc-e3b03746bc17%2FSnipaste_2024-03-13_02-12-54.png?table=block&amp;id=93381823-21b8-82b3-92ca-01c50aaefc83&amp;t=93381823-21b8-82b3-92ca-01c50aaefc83&amp;width=653.9961547851562&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-d1c8182321b8831c898d817f2e98c073" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>系统类型：Linux ；</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-ecf8182321b88272aa5d81b05c5ee627" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>CPU 核心数：给到两核心差不多了，CPU 核心数多的话可以多给一点也无所谓；</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-5968182321b88312a980814c1fa60988" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>虚拟机内存：家庭环境给到 2G 即可，其他的可以参考前面 PaoPaoDNS 作者的建议；</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1a88182321b883bea34301a11f6d9039" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>虚拟机光驱：将前面复制的文件路径地址粘贴到这里面；</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-4cc8182321b883d6a53301be131919db" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>UEFI 启动：开启。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-b078182321b883bd9ac681e06f8acb56"><b>添加虚拟硬盘：</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-a558182321b8824b8088014828fd7256"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fdd82f292-7cda-448d-ac54-6cf171c1114c%2FSnipaste_2024-03-13_02-16-35.png?table=block&amp;id=a5581823-21b8-824b-8088-014828fd7256&amp;t=a5581823-21b8-824b-8088-014828fd7256&amp;width=653.9961547851562&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-abd8182321b88330834a01c7dead5ecb"><li>开启“半虚拟化模式”。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2838182321b883c1a0fa01fa40bb0eab"><li>虚拟硬盘给个 2G 或 3G 即可（如果你还想在 Alpine 中安装别的东西那就给多一点）。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-b688182321b883cc9ba0813ececf5ba8"><li>“磁盘名称”就是存放虚拟硬盘的位置，将其存放到与 iso 镜像文件一致的路径即可，虚拟硬盘名称可以参考图片里的命名。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-66d8182321b883d49ff801969afc471b"><b>添加虚拟网卡：</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1848182321b882a3990301300c67efd7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F1f1a0b9c-4ae6-4ae6-8759-a1478dcb54c8%2FSnipaste_2024-03-13_02-26-05.png?table=block&amp;id=18481823-21b8-82a3-9903-01300c67efd7&amp;t=18481823-21b8-82a3-9903-01300c67efd7&amp;width=653.9961547851562&amp;cache=v2" alt="按图片设置即可" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">按图片设置即可</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-8ac8182321b883f399c7817fea030aae"><b>开启虚拟机：</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-b308182321b882b19f5b81083521835f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F66fce3ae-7624-4d41-9902-8f42004d91d3%2FSnipaste_2024-03-13_02-26-42.png?table=block&amp;id=b3081823-21b8-82b1-9f5b-81083521835f&amp;t=b3081823-21b8-82b1-9f5b-81083521835f&amp;width=653.9961547851562&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-a2e8182321b8836982e301f72a86e655"><summary>3️⃣ 初始化 Alpine</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-46f8182321b883f9a8fb81fe50186bd8">启动 Alpine 虚拟机之后，输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">root</code> 回车登录到命令行界面：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-a208182321b883c281850131e367a15c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F2b0c0fa9-7931-40c0-9ab3-190ddd2dcf44%2FSnipaste_2024-03-13_02-42-08.png?table=block&amp;id=a2081823-21b8-83c2-8185-0131e367a15c&amp;t=a2081823-21b8-83c2-8185-0131e367a15c&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-aa88182321b882a4b780817255815faa">接着按照下面的步骤进行系统的初始化配置：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-f5d8182321b88202894781e440498466"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fee2634b9-7219-42f6-97e3-622b6cf9c57a%2FSnipaste_2024-03-15_23-13-33.png?table=block&amp;id=f5d81823-21b8-8202-8947-81e440498466&amp;t=f5d81823-21b8-8202-8947-81e440498466&amp;width=652.0051879882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-6a28182321b88220891a81044e20f476"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F6009200c-9be6-4a23-8d56-cf31c498400b%2FSnipaste_2024-03-15_23-27-42.png?table=block&amp;id=6a281823-21b8-8220-891a-81044e20f476&amp;t=6a281823-21b8-8220-891a-81044e20f476&amp;width=652.0051879882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-5c08182321b882388e5601f97035f026"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F66f4e5ce-d79e-4885-869b-5c0b753b6764%2FSnipaste_2024-03-15_23-42-59.png?table=block&amp;id=5c081823-21b8-8238-8e56-01f97035f026&amp;t=5c081823-21b8-8238-8e56-01f97035f026&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-5ae8182321b88235a92e81fcbe71bcbc"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F1eb5af61-c169-4962-8d1b-5b6fb4c3a77e%2FSnipaste_2024-03-15_23-47-49.png?table=block&amp;id=5ae81823-21b8-8235-a92e-81fcbe71bcbc&amp;t=5ae81823-21b8-8235-a92e-81fcbe71bcbc&amp;width=652&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-5888182321b883a1867801aa3e4854d4" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">setup-alpine</code> 命令进入初始化流程。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-30e8182321b883f6aaaf815ffb8a2f6d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>选择键盘类型：输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">cn</code> ；</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-b9f8182321b883ee9ff20132b5d8f3f4" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>选择键盘类型：继续输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">cn</code> ；</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-93d8182321b88273ab61814b91b95dbe" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>配置系统 <code class="notion-inline-code">hostname</code> ：直接回车使用默认值即可；</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-8f08182321b8830497e201602b6661f4" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>选择网口：按下回车键使用默认的 <code class="notion-inline-code">eth0</code> 即可；</li></ol><ol start="6" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-f1f8182321b883089728814bdb9faec4" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>IP 地址获取方式：按下回车键使用 DHCP 获取 IP 地址方式；</li></ol><ol start="7" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-0aa8182321b8821ea589016386f9d3d6" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>是否需要对网络进行自定义配置：按回车使用默认值 <code class="notion-inline-code">n</code> ，不做自定义配置；</li></ol><ol start="8" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2938182321b88376adf38167152f0212" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>设置 root 用户密码；</li></ol><ol start="9" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-a838182321b883918dfb819b377e8260" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>设置时区 - 1：输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">Asia</code> ；</li></ol><ol start="10" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2558182321b883ab8c8d01d57da74a48" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>设置时区 - 2：输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">Shanghai</code> ；</li></ol><ol start="11" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1958182321b883509aed81b7a2999313" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>是否设置 http/ftp 代理：按回车使用默认值 <code class="notion-inline-code">none</code>，不使用代理；</li></ol><ol start="12" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-5a88182321b88375bc4781ed2b8bde0d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>设置 APK 安装包镜像地址：按下回车使用默认值，我们后续再进行修改；</li></ol><ol start="13" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-5438182321b883f78c9981f493f45eb2" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>是否创建用户：按下回车键使用默认值 <code class="notion-inline-code">no</code> ；</li></ol><ol start="14" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-bb78182321b88288a0e101ed8eb7bb08" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>是否使用 openssh 作为 ssh 服务：按下回车使用默认值 <code class="notion-inline-code">openssh</code> ；</li></ol><ol start="15" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-6548182321b883aebfaa01891a43a775" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>是否允许 root 用户使用密码登录：输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> ；</li></ol><ol start="16" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-f388182321b882b9886581d292c7677d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>为 root 用户输入密钥或者 url 地址：按下回车键表示不设置；</li></ol><ol start="17" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-4d98182321b8828ab567019256f838d7" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>选择安装盘：输入虚拟硬盘的名称（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">vda</code> ）；</li></ol><ol start="18" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1d28182321b882d688aa81f576e839a1" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>硬盘用途：输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">sys</code> 表示用作系统盘使用；</li></ol><ol start="19" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-6798182321b882c2b7eb017d0038508b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>是否清空硬盘数据并进行安装：输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">y</code> 表示格式化硬盘并安装系统文件；</li></ol><ol start="20" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-6d38182321b88237ab7a813749e7f7d3" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>此时系统安装已经完成。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-f708182321b883cb8198818ccddd7c14">此时输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">poweroff</code> 命令关闭系统，然后编辑 iKuai 虚拟机，把安装镜像去掉并启动 Alpine 虚拟机：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-5288182321b883fcb01081a875f4ec41"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fe1c9e6d3-c0fe-4283-8f1f-6f091471bcd3%2FSnipaste_2024-03-15_23-56-47.png?table=block&amp;id=52881823-21b8-83fc-b010-81a875f4ec41&amp;t=52881823-21b8-83fc-b010-81a875f4ec41&amp;width=652.0051879882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-0498182321b883388faa81a417867e47"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Fb88f559b-ae03-43d1-bfcc-03e398b89069%2FSnipaste_2024-03-15_23-58-49.png?table=block&amp;id=04981823-21b8-8338-8faa-81a417867e47&amp;t=04981823-21b8-8338-8faa-81a417867e47&amp;width=652.0181884765625&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-1478182321b88347aed88163095f44b2"><summary>4️⃣ 配置 <b>Alpine</b> 并安装 Docker 服务</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-8378182321b882848b66810f43c5e352">打开虚拟机，输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">ifconfig</code> 命令查看 Alpine 当前的 IP 地址：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-e158182321b883f9bea901f928feee30"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F8166cd66-0aaf-4b90-a963-59046d4ffb49%2FSnipaste_2024-03-16_00-04-24.png?table=block&amp;id=e1581823-21b8-83f9-bea9-01f928feee30&amp;t=e1581823-21b8-83f9-bea9-01f928feee30&amp;width=652.0051879882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-7668182321b882309a26810a69351caf"><summary>（1）设置固定 IP 地址以及修改 DNS 服务器</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1268182321b8829897ac8154de48c81e">此时可以通过 SSH 工具登录到 Alpine，然后通过下面的步骤更改为静态 IP 地址。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-5bd8182321b88392adaf816145b476cb"><div>Alpine 自带有 <code class="notion-inline-code">vi</code> 命令可以进行文本编辑，如果你需要使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">nano</code> 命令，可以通过 <code class="notion-inline-code">apk add nano</code> 来安装。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-f6d8182321b8828ab88e81387c5a0706">设置静态 IP 地址的格式如下：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-c588182321b88219a1da81d316456cdc">修改好 IP 地址之后，使用下面的命令重启网络来生效：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-09c8182321b883ad90e28131106e010a">修改下面的配置文件来修改 DNS 服务器：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2f78182321b8829f99c601ef1e8f624f">可以参照下面的格式来添加公共 DNS 服务器：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-7f68182321b883ea941581c0508ee7f5">如果你已经搭建好了 PaoPaoDNS，那么实际上你也可以将这里的 DNS 服务器设置为本机地址（<code class="notion-inline-code">127.0.0.1</code>），这样表示使用本机的 PaoPaoDNS 服务器进行解析：</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-5328182321b8836bafa6017d6afd5022"><summary>（2）更改 APK 镜像源</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-bf88182321b883ae9e7381897a2348e2">使用下面的命令将 Alpine 的 APK 镜像源设置为中国科技大学的镜像源：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-a518182321b8825f975301cc3bc0accc">更新 apk 安装包：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-f888182321b8832e97b781f631d825b7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2Ff2c0dd50-669d-46c5-ae1c-d4c842253ecf%2FSnipaste_2024-03-16_00-21-00.png?table=block&amp;id=f8881823-21b8-832e-97b7-81f631d825b7&amp;t=f8881823-21b8-832e-97b7-81f631d825b7&amp;width=625.9942626953125&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-6d28182321b8826fb5b101f6f7d08840"><summary>（3）安装 Docker 或 Docker-Compose</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-60b8182321b8837dac92018a5a31d3d5"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F9533b952-d1ef-499d-b2fd-9325cc90b8d4%2FSnipaste_2024-03-16_00-23-13.png?table=block&amp;id=60b81823-21b8-837d-ac92-018a5a31d3d5&amp;t=60b81823-21b8-837d-ac92-018a5a31d3d5&amp;width=652&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-42b8182321b883d19569813907e0e24a">输入以下命令检查 docker 是否已经正确安装：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3848182321b8837a803a010a70ca29cc"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fprod-files-secure.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2F5ecb05fe-5171-41c0-b920-80b643817327%2F6bf5ddca-c0c7-4e6d-b61f-c8bdc1990922%2FSnipaste_2024-03-16_00-24-02.png?table=block&amp;id=38481823-21b8-837a-803a-010a70ca29cc&amp;t=38481823-21b8-837a-803a-010a70ca29cc&amp;width=624.0364379882812&amp;cache=v2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-a788182321b8820092c681ad979903ea">将 docker 服务设置为开机启动：</div></div></details></div></details></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-56e8182321b882dab00781a9a2e07f93"><summary>搭建好 Alpine 之后，参考下面的参数搭建 PaoPaoDNS</summary><div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-cd18182321b8836d9a9c015c3c625658"><summary>docker-compose 搭建（推荐）</summary><div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-0738182321b883ba94de819d5250f027"><summary>参数说明（更多参数请查看 <span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/kkkgo/PaoPaoDNS" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub 仓库</a></span><span class="notion-blue"> </span>）</summary><div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-7608182321b882a08f89813f8cf4010b"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">CNAUTO</code> ：是否开启 CN 大陆智能分流，如果位于境外可配置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">no</code> ；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2bc8182321b883b3a2960132a762298a"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">IPV6</code> ： 仅在 <code class="notion-inline-code">CNAUTO=yes</code> 时生效，是否返回 IPv6 的解析结果，默认为 <code class="notion-inline-code">no</code> ，如果没有IPv6环境，选择 <code class="notion-inline-code">no</code> 可以节省内存。</li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2bc8182321b883b3a2960132a762298a"><li>设置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> 返回 IPv6 的查询（为分流优化，非大陆双栈域名仅返回 A 记录）。</li><li>如果设置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">only6</code> ，则只对 IPv6 <code class="notion-inline-code">only</code> 的域名返回 IPv6 结果。</li><li>如果设置为<code class="notion-inline-code">yes_only6</code>，则对大陆域名返回 IPv6 的解析结果（相当于 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> ），对非大陆域名只对 IPv6 <code class="notion-inline-code">only</code> 的域名返回 IPv6 结果（相当于 <code class="notion-inline-code">only6</code> ）。</li><li>如果设置为<code class="notion-inline-code">raw</code>，则不对IPv6结果做任何处理，直接返回原始记录。</li></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-20d8182321b8826ca94a0146f0fa62fb"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">CNFALL</code> ：仅在 <code class="notion-inline-code">CNAUTO=yes</code> 时生效，在遇到本地递归网络质量较差的时候，递归查询是否回退到转发查询，默认为 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> 。配置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">no</code> 可以保证更实时准确的解析，但要求网络质量稳定（尽量减少 nat 的层数），推荐部署在具备公网 IP 的一级路由下的时候设置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">no</code> ； 配置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> 可以兼顾解析质量和网络质量的平衡，保证长期总体的准确解析的同时兼顾短时间内网络超时的回退处理。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-b6b8182321b8820998c9814d7af3a4bb"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">USE_MARK_DATA</code> ：该项默认值为 <code class="notion-inline-code">no</code> ，当设置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> 的时候，将会自动更新下载预先标记处理的全球百万域名库，在判断大陆分流的时候优先使用该数据，该功能仅标记数据，后续如何处理取决你的设置（比如默认分流或者自动转发）。域名数据库来源于 <code class="notion-inline-code"><a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/kkkgo/PaoPao-Pref" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">paopao-pref</a></code> 项目定期更新。该功能：</li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-b6b8182321b8820998c9814d7af3a4bb"><li>优点：可以优化DNS泄漏问题、提供更快速精准高效的分流</li><li>缺点：会占用更多内存，增加容器启动时间</li></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2828182321b882569f308137cb098f97"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">CUSTOM_FORWARD</code> ：仅在 <code class="notion-inline-code">CNAUTO=yes</code> 时生效，将 <code class="notion-inline-code">force_forward_list.txt</code> 内的域名列表转发到 <code class="notion-inline-code">CUSTOM_FORWARD</code> DNS 服务器。该功能可以配合第三方旁网关的 fake ip、域名嗅探 sniffing 等特性完成简单的域名分流效果。这里的 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.3.1:7874</code> 指的是 OpenWrt（代理虚拟机）wan2 侧地址的 7874 端口，也就是 Nikki 的 DNS 监听端口，也就是说当 PaoPaoDNS 发现所请求的域名属于国外的域名时，就会将其发送给 Nikki 进行解析；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-f448182321b882fd89fb81e36d2c584c"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">AUTO_FORWARD_CHECK</code> ：在 <code class="notion-inline-code">AUTO_FORWARD=yes</code> 时，转发前是否检查域名是否有效，避免产生无效查询。默认值为 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> ，设置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">no</code> 则不检查。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-5f98182321b883938e5701b94798e2db"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">AUTO_FORWARD</code> ：仅在 <code class="notion-inline-code">CNAUTO=yes</code> 时生效，配合 <code class="notion-inline-code">CUSTOM_FORWARD</code> 功能使用，默认值为 <code class="notion-inline-code">no</code> ，当设置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> 的时候，解析非 CN 大陆IP的域名将会直接转发到 <code class="notion-inline-code">CUSTOM_FORWARD</code> 所设置值的 IP 设备。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-94e8182321b882aba04a01f8abb8102f"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">TZ</code> ：时区。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-a288182321b883cb83d60149b25d62e3"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">HTTP_FILE</code> ：http 静态文件服务器端口，设置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> 之后可以通过浏览器访问 <code class="notion-inline-code">http://ip:7889</code> 访问到 PaoPaoDNS 的配置文件 。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-d058182321b882bb9bc5011a79c7e181"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">DNS_SERVERNAME</code> ：DNS的服务器名称，你使用windows的nslookup的时候会看到它。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-6c58182321b8833c932e815aa8f09ec1"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">SOCKS5</code> ：为分流非 CN IP 的域名优先使用 SOCKS5 查询（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">10.10.10.8:7890</code> ，强制使用 socks5 查询则加上 <code class="notion-inline-code">@</code> ，比如 <code class="notion-inline-code">@10.10.10.8:7890</code> ），但没有也能查，非必须项。仅在 <code class="notion-inline-code">CNAUTO=yes</code> 时生效。SOCKS5 初始化会有大概 3 分钟的延迟连接测试过程，期间的解析结果并非最优延迟。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3038182321b883758a4e017121638b44"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">CN_TRACKER</code> ：仅在 <code class="notion-inline-code">CNAUTO=yes</code> 时生效，默认值为 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> ，当设置为 <code class="notion-inline-code">yes</code> 的时候，强制 <code class="notion-inline-code">trackerslist.txt</code> 里面 tracker 的域名走 dnscrypt 解析。更新数据的时候会自动下载最新的 trackerlist 。该功能在一些场景比较有用，比如 <code class="notion-inline-code">AUTO_FORWARD</code> 配合 fakeip 的时候可以避免使用 fakeip 连接 tracker 。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-e1d8182321b883f1a599815b3575f051"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">SAFEMODE</code> ：安全模式，仅作调试使用，内存环境存在问题无法正常启动的时候尝试启用。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-1648182321b88374b46e018f2658e94b"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">UPDATE</code> ：更新的频率，此处设置为按周更新。</li></ul></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-9678182321b883329fc10182b8fa223d"><b>搭建好 PaoPaoDNS 之后，你需要先按本章 7.3 第 2 条给 PaoPaoDNS 指定一个固定线路出口避免被分流，再通过下面的命令简单验证所有 DNS 组件是否工作正常</b>：</div><div class="notion-sync-block notion-block-9908182321b8828da10b0150d87f9d1b"></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-4048182321b88294af6b01ab51ffc1d3">如果测试正常，输出末尾会出现 <code class="notion-inline-code">ALL TEST PASS</code>（下面只截取开头的几行）：</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-28f8182321b88278bf9d8179315afe02"><div>如果测试后提示 <code class="notion-inline-code">yy[DNS hijack]127.0.0.181yyyyyyyyyy</code>：如果你遇到 <code class="notion-inline-code">127.0.0.181</code> 这一类环回地址的 DNS 劫持报错，实际上是误报，不影响正常的使用</div></blockquote></div></details></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b8808eac0bf22ff3c8a35c">以访问一个国外网站为例，完整路程变为：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b880869ccff2e7e5f303d2" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>解析：设备向 DNS 层（10.0.0.3）查询域名。PaoPaoDNS 先本地递归解析，看解析出的 IP 属于哪边：国内网段 → 直接把真实 IP 返回给设备；境外网段 → 丢弃这个结果，把查询转给 OpenWrt 上 Nikki 的 DNS 端口（192.168.3.1:7874），Nikki 返回一个 fake-ip（198.18.x.x），由 PaoPaoDNS 转交设备。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b88075b4fcef451771ff19" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>出网：设备拿着解析结果发给默认网关 iKuai —— 设备侧依旧零改动，网关和 DNS 都是 DHCP 下发的原值。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b88025b3d9de831ebeb6b7" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>分流：iKuai 检查目的 IP：国内 IP → 走 wan1 直连；fake-ip 不在国内网段 → 落进默认网关 wan2，交给 OpenWrt。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8803fba7fd7202685231b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>代理：Nikki 拦下 fake-ip 流量，凭借解析时记录的“fake-ip↔域名映射”反查出真实域名，再按代理规则决定加密出站还是直连。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880b68703c8474e2c6113">总的来说：<b>PaoPaoDNS 负责把域名分对（按解析结果归属），iKuai 负责把数据包分对（按目的 IP）</b>。fake-ip 恰好落在中国大陆 IP 表之外，于是返回 fake-ip 就等于这条流量该进代理。也正因为域名判断提前到了 DNS 层，Fake-IP 模式不再是第 7.1 说的坑，反而成了理想选择。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c58182321b880b888b5d714cc9a23c9">容错方面：OpenWrt 宕机 → DNS 层照常工作，国内域名正常解析、正常上网，境外流量由第 5.2 节的线路检测切回 wan1，只是不能走代理。PaoPaoDNS 服务器宕机 → 全屋域名解析失败，这是本方案唯一剩下的单点隐患；想要极致冗余，可以把 PaoPaoDNS 部署到独立物理设备（如树莓派）。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c58182321b88093aef8e958490b1a11" data-id="3c58182321b88093aef8e958490b1a11"><span><div id="3c58182321b88093aef8e958490b1a11" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c58182321b88093aef8e958490b1a11" title="7.3 完成搭建之后工作"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">7.3 完成搭建之后工作</span></span></h3><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b880d8b1d2c87895ad4f72" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>iKuai 的 DHCP 把 DNS 下发为 10.0.0.3</b>（PaoPaoDNS 的地址）。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8800fb078ee5ad1e7a156" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>给 PaoPaoDNS（10.0.0.3）加一条端口分流，固定走宽带线路出网</b>；权威 DNS 服务器要靠查询的源 IP 判断来自境内还是境外，如果 PaoPaoDNS 的递归查询误走代理线路，解析结果会受到影响。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c58182321b8804aa0fefbdb635ed75f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>关闭 iKuai DNS 加速服务</b>：不严谨测试，我发现 iKuai 在开启 DNS 加速的情况下会影响内网 DNS 解析，博主强烈建议关闭，避免出现不明问题难以排查。</li></ol><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c68182321b8806f998df6d7f8b286a2"><summary>示意图：iKuai DHCP 服务器配置</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c68182321b8804b8539f2f192b79ba5"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aeae2df42-f15f-4f9a-84e5-e6f5cefe20a6%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c681823-21b8-804b-8539-f2f192b79ba5&amp;t=3c681823-21b8-804b-8539-f2f192b79ba5" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c68182321b8806b9041eeedea1b38e9"><summary>示意图：PaoPaoDNS 端口分流配置</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c68182321b88033bfd8fbc42ba96e81">UDP 协议走宽带直连，源地址填写 DNS 服务器 IP，目的端口填 53。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c68182321b880198c45dcb0c6148544"><summary>测试 PaoPaoDNS 解析效果（输出以 PASS 结尾）</summary><div></div></details><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c68182321b880148545d5a8a4acef26"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A118e912a-ac12-46f4-a13d-8971f8197b8c%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c681823-21b8-8014-8545-d5a8a4acef26&amp;t=3c681823-21b8-8014-8545-d5a8a4acef26" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-3c68182321b8804cab2af0d2078e89d9"><summary>示意图：iKuai 关闭 DNS 加速功能</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3c68182321b8806b9d39cad07217d722"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ae1afcbdf-a4e9-49cd-939a-e5a27a1447ec%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3c681823-21b8-806b-9d39-cad07217d722&amp;t=3c681823-21b8-806b-9d39-cad07217d722" alt="保持功能关闭" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">保持功能关闭</figcaption></div></figure></div></details><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3bd8182321b880e3aa39f27da7c87a42" data-id="3bd8182321b880e3aa39f27da7c87a42"><span><div id="3bd8182321b880e3aa39f27da7c87a42" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3bd8182321b880e3aa39f27da7c87a42" title="8. 验证与排错"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">8. 验证与排错</span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c68182321b880ca9a4cec2bb4dd3444" data-id="3c68182321b880ca9a4cec2bb4dd3444"><span><div id="3c68182321b880ca9a4cec2bb4dd3444" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c68182321b880ca9a4cec2bb4dd3444" title="8.1 第一步：DNS 验证"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">8.1 第一步：DNS 验证</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c68182321b8803f88c3ca9db7b10555">第 7 章强调过，本方案的根基是 <b>DNS 解析正确</b>：主路由匹配的是数据包里的目的 IP，域名解析错一步，就大概率导致分流失效。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cb8182321b8800cbeabc18f937321c2">所以验证也从 DNS 开始。在任意一台内网设备上打开命令行（Windows 的 CMD/PowerShell、macOS/Linux 的终端均可），执行两个查询：</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3c68182321b880468046c99607c00d51"><div>上面的 nslookup 不带参数，用的正是设备从 DHCP 拿到的 DNS 。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c68182321b8806d8638facba8a93e74">预期结果：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c68182321b880dabc72d784235796a6"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c68182321b88033bca8fb89d0211dda"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">查询</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">预期返回</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">说明</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c68182321b8806a82bff0a052b7a8bc"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="http://www.baidu.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">www.baidu.com</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">真实 IP（如 119.75.217.x）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">国内域名由 PaoPaoDNS 直接递归解析，返回真实地址</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c68182321b880189dece72dc856bf1f"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="http://www.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">www.google.com</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">198.18.x.x</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">境外域名被转给 Nikki（192.168.3.1:7874），返回 fake-ip</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c68182321b88088af5ce68cb257cd91">判别标准：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3c68182321b880d3be93e898f5fb55d3"><li>两条都符合预期 → DNS 层正常，进入第二步；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3c68182321b88058a726f2b685e1fa17"><li>境外域名返回了真实 IP（且是国内网段）→ 解析被污染，或第 7.3 节的三件事没做全（常见坑：DHCP 没下发 10.0.0.3、iKuai 的 DNS 加速没关），回去按 7.3 逐项核对；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3c68182321b880beb593c34b3cf84c3b"><li>两条都解析失败 → PaoPaoDNS 宕机或不通，这是本方案唯一剩下的单点隐患（见第 7.2 节容错），恢复后无需改任何配置。</li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c68182321b880eb83b1f1be09b81157" data-id="3c68182321b880eb83b1f1be09b81157"><span><div id="3c68182321b880eb83b1f1be09b81157" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c68182321b880eb83b1f1be09b81157" title="8.2 第二步：分流验证"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">8.2 第二步：分流验证</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c68182321b88067b051e37b5b75bd38">DNS 层确认无误后，轮到 iKuai 的分流是否真的按目的 IP 生效。在终端执行（Windows 用 <code class="notion-inline-code">tracert</code>，macOS/Linux 用 <code class="notion-inline-code">traceroute</code>，Linux 需自行安装该包）：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c68182321b880a6b9e9c2c2ce780bdf">预期结果（博主实测）：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c68182321b880a79b04c9c018acf646"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c68182321b880c1a61dece7124c2127"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">目标</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">预期路径</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">说明</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c68182321b8809ab5d7de186184c172"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="http://www.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">www.google.com</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">10.0.0.1 → 10.0.0.2 → …（此后基本超时）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">境外流量确实被交给了代理网关</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c68182321b880b8b232e5a00603fcab"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><a class="notion-link" href="http://www.baidu.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">www.baidu.com</a></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">10.0.0.1 → 运营商网关 → 一路到站</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">国内流量直连，全程没有 OpenWrt 的身影</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c68182321b88061b53be0d0c0fef439">判断标准：<b>trace 境外域名时第二跳是 10.0.0.2（OpenWrt）→ 分流成功；第二跳直接是运营商网关 → 分流没生效，查 8.4 排查表。</b></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c68182321b88050b818e8effc684d25" data-id="3c68182321b88050b818e8effc684d25"><span><div id="3c68182321b88050b818e8effc684d25" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c68182321b88050b818e8effc684d25" title="8.3 第三步：宕机演练"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">8.3 第三步：宕机演练</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c68182321b88005ae5ee706147dd168">第 3 章对照旁路由时说过：代理网关宕机，国内流量不受影响，这是本方案的优势之一。</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c68182321b8809a84cee4a9ab4d5574" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>把 OpenWrt 虚拟机正常关机（模拟宕机）；</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c68182321b8809693a0c119cd5ff710" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>等待 iKuai 的线路检测发现 wan2 失联，默认线路自动切回 wan1；</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c68182321b880729927d99b5ad42fb8" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>验证：打开国内网站 → 正常；微信/QQ 等国内服务 → 正常；访问境外网站 → 打不开；</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3c68182321b88085b046c76152694cbc" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>重新开机 OpenWrt 虚拟机，线路检测探测通过后境外访问自动恢复，全程不需要动任何配置。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c68182321b88070b4cfd784666b0a66">对照第 1 章的传统旁路由：它一挂，全部设备断网，唯一的解决办法是手动改设备网关；如今代理网关宕机时，内网设备全程没有感知，网关、DNS 都是主路由下发的原值。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3c68182321b8801e8c0edbf2f444be53" data-id="3c68182321b8801e8c0edbf2f444be53"><span><div id="3c68182321b8801e8c0edbf2f444be53" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3c68182321b8801e8c0edbf2f444be53" title="8.4 常见问题排查表"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">8.4 常见问题排查表</span></span></h3><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-3c68182321b880c0868de76cedfecdc7"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-3c68182321b88040a665fa3e84810141"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">症状</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">可能原因（按概率排序）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">排查方法</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c68182321b880868a72f427dcf9376a"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">境外网站全打不开，国内正常</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">① 代理网关宕机 ② Nikki 未运行或订阅过期 ③ wan2 线路状态异常</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">查 iKuai 线路状态；在 OpenWrt 终端执行 <code class="notion-inline-code">curl -I https://www.google.com</code>（第 6.3 节的最小验证）；重启 Nikki</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c68182321b88026bde0cd52120cc90f"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">分流没生效（tracert 境外域名直接见运营商）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">① 默认线路不是 wan2（第 5.2 节漏做）② DNS 被污染或第 7.3 节没做全 ③ 被更高优先级的分流规则拦截（如第 5.5 节的端口分流）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">按 8.1 → 8.2 顺序重验；检查默认线路设置；检查端口分流规则列表</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c68182321b88015844dd53515ec008e"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">全屋网页打不开，但微信/QQ 能收发</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">PaoPaoDNS 宕机（本方案唯一单点）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">检查 10.0.0.3 虚拟机，恢复后无需改配置</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c68182321b88032a113fdb11e495d97"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">想让某台设备不走代理</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">iKuai 端口分流：把该设备源 IP 固定走 wan1 直连</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">与第 5.5 节同款操作，分流对象改为目标设备</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3c68182321b880869befeda328ff5f19"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">只有两个物理网口，能搭建吗</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">可以。wan2 是虚拟网口（见第 4.3 节），不占用物理口</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">按第 4、5 章照做即可</div></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3bd8182321b8804688eaf0796755ad4d" data-id="3bd8182321b8804688eaf0796755ad4d"><span><div id="3bd8182321b8804688eaf0796755ad4d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3bd8182321b8804688eaf0796755ad4d" title="9. 使用体验"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">9. 使用体验</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-f27f1e03ba7c48c98cef5f118094e5f4">前面几章从原理讲到底层搭建，再到配置与验证，整条链路已经完整。这套架构博主从 2023 年一直用到现在（中间迁移过一次底层系统，见附录 A——写作中），本章说说实际用起来怎么样——对应第 3 章列出的优点，看哪些兑现了。</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-7bdbf22e441147ca8cf95a9bc1586409"><li><b>流畅度。</b> 分流明确之后，国内外流量各走各路：国内流量由主路由直接走宽带出口，不经过代理网关，速度就是宽带本身的速度；境外流量进代理网关加密出站，能跑多快取决于代理线路与服务商。两类流量互不挤占，不再像旁路由那样“所有流量挤一条代理链路”。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-4aba5a1a8c6f44e1b42772c2d23cebe3"><li><b>稳定性。</b> 第 8.3 节的宕机演练已经验证过：代理网关离线时，国内流量照常，境外流量由 iKuai 的线路检测自动切回宽带直连（只是不能走代理）。这几年用下来网络基本没出过问题——博主唯一一次全屋断网是自己操作失误造成广播风暴（CPU 过载），与这套架构本身无关。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-f0b09d97975745aaaa2ddcdb68a2ce72"><li><b>端口映射。</b> 内网服务对外暴露时，主路由直接映射到服务所在设备，单层单跳。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-ee7ec5a65dbe44d58d703ffaaf8d5c31"><li><b>可控性。</b> iKuai 的端口分流与流控可以直接叠加在这套架构上：想让某台设备不走代理，加一条“源地址 = 该设备”的端口分流规则指向运营商线路即可（与第 5.5 节防环规则是同一机制用在不同的分流对象上）；限速、连接数限制等流控手段照常可用，博主就用连接数限制治理过一台疑似跑 PCDN 的设备。</li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-bf49580e6a4d454fa570a19af3861d28" data-id="bf49580e6a4d454fa570a19af3861d28"><span><div id="bf49580e6a4d454fa570a19af3861d28" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#bf49580e6a4d454fa570a19af3861d28" title="小结"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">小结</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-fd9266971b354d5695f26e8f43931239">这套架构的收益是终端零改动、故障隔离、端口映射简化，代价是搭建门槛，以及国内 IP 表需要偶尔手动维护（第 5.3 节）。对家庭网络来说，收益远大于成本。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-495789de6d174c679a2f0a5c6a0ce2b5" data-id="495789de6d174c679a2f0a5c6a0ce2b5"><span><div id="495789de6d174c679a2f0a5c6a0ce2b5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#495789de6d174c679a2f0a5c6a0ce2b5" title="10. 进阶：多线运营商分流"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">10. 进阶：多线运营商分流</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3c78182321b880089c21d9cb42a9da17">（施工中）</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-a24fda61250e4525854826fddd3911dc" data-id="a24fda61250e4525854826fddd3911dc"><span><div id="a24fda61250e4525854826fddd3911dc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#a24fda61250e4525854826fddd3911dc" title="附录 A：演进时间线（写作中）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">附录 A：演进时间线（写作中）</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3bd8182321b880119eb7eea0421664d2">（待写）</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3bd8182321b88091903dd0a254aa83ca" data-id="3bd8182321b88091903dd0a254aa83ca"><span><div id="3bd8182321b88091903dd0a254aa83ca" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3bd8182321b88091903dd0a254aa83ca" title="附录 B：OpenClash 老用户指路（写作中）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">附录 B：OpenClash 老用户指路（写作中）</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3bd8182321b8800fb3fbc1e0ce1592aa">（待写）</div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Unraid硬盘挂载失败（Unsupported File System）的完整修复指南：从排查到原理]]></title>
            <link>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-unmountable-unsupported-no-filesystem-fix</link>
            <guid>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-unmountable-unsupported-no-filesystem-fix</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[1 月 11 日，群里有位朋友的 Unraid 阵列硬盘无法挂载，报错 "Unmountable: Unsupported or no file system"。本文记录了完整的排查过程：从 SMART 硬件检测、XFS 文件系统检查，到发现 blkid 自动检测机制的保守策略，最终通过手动指定文件系统类型恢复数据。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2e58182321b8804ab536f66169c4f550"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-c1cb33ed5bac4a64b9b76a75302932be"><div>如需技术支持，请点击 👉 <a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/paid-service" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">联系方式</a></div></blockquote><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2e58182321b88002b959ff705c6ae067" data-id="2e58182321b88002b959ff705c6ae067"><span><div id="2e58182321b88002b959ff705c6ae067" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e58182321b88002b959ff705c6ae067" title="1. 引言"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 引言</span></span></h2><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2e58182321b8804aad64c6c1adbd9933"><summary>1 月 11 日，群里有位朋友的 Unraid 阵列硬盘挂载失败，两块磁盘都报错</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2e58182321b88059b9a1f9278e758326"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:619px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A6469a54a-90fd-46c6-87aa-d6a51cb5437c%3APixPin_2026-01-11_16-03-02.png?table=block&amp;id=2e581823-21b8-8059-b9a1-f9278e758326&amp;t=2e581823-21b8-8059-b9a1-f9278e758326" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2e58182321b8808d93c8eb71dec6f630"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ae6adbb5b-0a73-4e38-a8d8-9386ecffbea0%3A55d72c87f611fc453e35f2120187eff5.jpg?table=block&amp;id=2e581823-21b8-808d-93c8-eb71dec6f630&amp;t=2e581823-21b8-808d-93c8-eb71dec6f630" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b8802ca8acc5741728aaba">数据最终完好无损。这次排查过程让我对 Unraid 的挂载机制有了更深的理解，记录下来供参考。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2e58182321b880618b1eeeaa6433b535" data-id="2e58182321b880618b1eeeaa6433b535"><span><div id="2e58182321b880618b1eeeaa6433b535" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e58182321b880618b1eeeaa6433b535" title="2. 初步判断与排查"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 初步判断与排查</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b8801bb23bdcab415c4a26">当阵列硬盘挂载失败时，首要任务是明确问题根源：<b>是物理硬件损坏，还是软件或配置层面的故障？</b></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2e58182321b880bca165c6fc115d56b2" data-id="2e58182321b880bca165c6fc115d56b2"><span><div id="2e58182321b880bca165c6fc115d56b2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e58182321b880bca165c6fc115d56b2" title="2.1 错误信息分析"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.1 错误信息分析</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b880f6bc5de49087e667d1">在 Unraid 的系统日志中，可发现如下硬盘挂载失败的错误信息：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e78182321b880b6ae4bc30fd7bd2619">上述信息表明，Unraid 尝试挂载 <code class="notion-inline-code">/mnt/disk1</code> 和 <code class="notion-inline-code">/mnt/disk2</code> 时失败，报错 <b>“unsupported or no file system”</b>（不支持的文件系统或无文件系统）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b880f9b28ed7f48f9ccb44">此错误信息较为笼统，可能由以下几种情况导致：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880f9b70bc6ee7dad3d9c"><li><b>硬盘物理损坏：</b>存储介质故障导致数据无法读取。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880d3ad12d6de05220b48"><li><b>分区表损坏：</b>分区信息丢失或错误。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880e3a896f17f8ea4690b"><li><b>文件系统超级块损坏：</b>文件系统的关键元数据损坏。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880c9b12ee0501b8faa6b"><li><b>文件系统检测失败：</b>文件系统实际完好，但因某些原因（如元数据轻微不一致）无法被正常识别。</li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2e58182321b88039a072d3a321d5492e" data-id="2e58182321b88039a072d3a321d5492e"><span><div id="2e58182321b88039a072d3a321d5492e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e58182321b88039a072d3a321d5492e" title="2.2 硬件健康检查：SMART 数据分析"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.2 硬件健康检查：SMART 数据分析</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b88009abd7e0d660f70075">首先，应检查硬盘的 SMART 健康状态。在 Unraid 的 Web 界面中，点击对应存储设备（如“磁盘1”）即可查看其 SMART 属性：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2e58182321b88067adffd2f6cd2d77c3"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A70838162-f95b-44af-9a46-5d227bf8ffc6%3APixPin_2026-01-11_23-44-13.png?table=block&amp;id=2e581823-21b8-8067-adff-d2f6cd2d77c3&amp;t=2e581823-21b8-8067-adff-d2f6cd2d77c3" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2e58182321b8804ba888c8ecaa0f1934"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Afb68bd7b-0948-4263-84cb-ec69914d0e1d%3APixPin_2026-01-11_23-44-52.png?table=block&amp;id=2e581823-21b8-804b-a888-c8ecaa0f1934&amp;t=2e581823-21b8-804b-a888-c8ecaa0f1934" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880b8be5fff9203571c80">也可通过命令行工具查看：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b880afb0f1c83d34930045">根据用户提供的诊断包（通过“工具” &gt; “诊断”页面下载），我们获取了两块故障硬盘的详细 SMART 数据：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b880e8aac3c0de7b32573d"><b>disk1 （型号为 Seagate ST12000NM000J） 的关键数据：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b880f482d2e42dfd4cf9b7"><b>disk2 （型号为 Seagate ST16000NM000J） 的关键数据：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b880faa55bd6e6f5e6665d"><b>结论：硬件状态良好。</b> 根据 SMART 数据，可作出以下判断：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b8802caa99ca19c186f276"><li><b>无坏扇区：</b>重映射扇区计数（Reallocated_Sector_Ct）为 0 。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b8803899daef9074a820bd"><li><b>无待处理扇区：</b>当前待映射扇区（Current_Pending_Sector）为 0 。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880d58c29c19f5e344673"><li><b>运行时间合理：</b>通电时间约2.5万至3.5万小时，对于企业级硬盘属于正常范围。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b8808388dce3f47fc17b5e"><li><b>温度正常：</b>43–45°C。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b8800c8a3bcbcfa3562454"><b>排查方向转移</b>：既然硬盘物理层面健康，问题根源便大概率指向软件或配置层。具体可能包括：Unraid 配置文件损坏、文件系统元数据（如超级块）错误，或是文件系统自动检测机制失效。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2e58182321b8807f9031c8b974538f16" data-id="2e58182321b8807f9031c8b974538f16"><span><div id="2e58182321b8807f9031c8b974538f16" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e58182321b8807f9031c8b974538f16" title="3. 文件系统检测"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. 文件系统检测</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b88074ae94ddd8198ffff4">既然 SMART 数据已排除硬件故障，排查重点自然转向文件系统本身。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2ea8182321b880859550e7d85a120353">由于 XFS 文件系统需要在硬盘卸载后才能进行检测，因此我们需先停止阵列，然后勾选“<b>维护模式</b>”（该模式会启动阵列但不挂载任何存储设备），最后再次启动阵列。具体操作如下：
</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2ea8182321b880c79961c4ef374468dc"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A6cc225ea-befd-4cd5-8146-0d8c5e69e19b%3APixPin_2026-01-16_22-26-13.png?table=block&amp;id=2ea81823-21b8-80c7-9961-c4ef374468dc&amp;t=2ea81823-21b8-80c7-9961-c4ef374468dc" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2ea8182321b880b289b0d109ba80bb13">点击目标存储设备（如“磁盘1”），在 <b>“检查文件系统状态”</b> 区域点击 <b>“检查”</b> 按钮：</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2eb8182321b880358ff8fc4fca0f285d"><div>提示：<code class="notion-inline-code">-n</code> 参数表示仅检查，不执行修复。</div></blockquote><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2ea8182321b8805b9cdecac79d3565ad"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A6af6bc65-a2c6-4e48-a5da-5a9890bbb91c%3APixPin_2026-01-16_22-27-58.png?table=block&amp;id=2ea81823-21b8-805b-9cde-cac79d3565ad&amp;t=2ea81823-21b8-805b-9cde-cac79d3565ad" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2ea8182321b880519f67c9db6a384ccc">检查结果示例如下：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2ea8182321b8801facefc69e107173b6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A8f9166ae-354a-40bd-b9ff-6e310f53ba05%3APixPin_2026-01-16_22-28-22.png?table=block&amp;id=2ea81823-21b8-801f-acef-c69e107173b6&amp;t=2ea81823-21b8-801f-acef-c69e107173b6" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b880bc9f79eb6d348067cf">其核心结果摘要显示，所有阶段均成功通过：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880418bddcbfab5b75dc8"><b>关键结论</b>：通过上述检测，两块硬盘的 XFS 文件系统均顺利通过了全部 7 个阶段的完整性检查，<b>表明其数据结构完全完好</b>。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2e58182321b880c7b5cff7fbbcdaa8d5"><summary>完整输出参考</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880aca85cd1cd9f73bf9a">为供参考，现将两块硬盘的完整检测输出列示如下。其中，<code class="notion-inline-code">-n</code> 参数表示只读检查，<code class="notion-inline-code">-v</code> 参数表示输出详细信息。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2e58182321b8806eb005ffa8147bfe6c"><summary>disk1 （型号为 Seagate ST12000NM000J）</summary><div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2e58182321b880a2a7adea1a736a023b"><summary>disk2 （型号为 Seagate ST16000NM000J）</summary><div></div></details></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2eb8182321b880f2a900db85aee077ff"><summary>异常情况参考</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88004bd68f0dfe42b2c93">作为对比，以下展示文件系统超级块（superblock）损坏时可能出现的错误输出：</div></div></details><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2e58182321b88094bf68d15dbca1d1d8" data-id="2e58182321b88094bf68d15dbca1d1d8"><span><div id="2e58182321b88094bf68d15dbca1d1d8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e58182321b88094bf68d15dbca1d1d8" title="4. 自动检测的“严格模式”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4. 自动检测的“严格模式”</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880068ac0e1b527dd7c29">至此，一个核心矛盾浮现出来：<b>文件系统本身完好，为何 Unraid 拒绝挂载？</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b8805e8764d6ef43a1c911">继续追溯系统日志，我们发现了 Unraid 在挂载前自动执行的关键命令：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b880baac25f2f2d48126f0"><b>问题根源分析</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880ab885cd0ee8545d68f">上述日志揭示了问题的根源：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e58182321b880da9dace71c14808f9c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>检测机制</b>：Unraid 依赖 <code class="notion-inline-code">blkid</code> 工具在挂载前自动识别文件系统类型。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e58182321b88034ae8fc7c7e5e27714" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>严格策略</b>：<code class="notion-inline-code">blkid</code> 在探测 XFS 文件系统时，如果发现其日志（Journal）中存在未完成的事务（即“脏日志”），<b>出于极端的数据安全考量，会采取保守策略</b>。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e58182321b880ceade5cff3a22fdfcf" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>保守结果</b>：此策略导致 <code class="notion-inline-code">blkid</code> 将此类状态的文件系统<b>报告为“无法识别”或“无文件系统”</b>。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e58182321b8801eb657cbb2d49aa6ab" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>连锁反应</b>：Unraid 的 <code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 服务收到此反馈，为“防止潜在的数据损坏”，便遵从该结果，拒绝执行挂载。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b880789c4bfc90b6074812">然而，<b>突破口也正在于此</b>。我们不妨思考：如果绕过 <code class="notion-inline-code">blkid</code> 的自动检测，直接告知系统使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">xfs</code> 类型进行挂载，结果会怎样？</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880ef81a8c9351bbc5c7a"><b>验证结果</b>：通过在阵列的存储设备属性中，将文件系统类型从 <code class="notion-inline-code">auto</code> 手动指定为 <code class="notion-inline-code">xfs</code> 后，disk1 和 disk2 <b>成功挂载</b>。如下图所示，在磁盘设置中将文件系统类型改为 <code class="notion-inline-code">xfs</code> ：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2e58182321b8800db72bcc6ac8c0a72e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aee5d86b7-9547-4ebd-a0e8-ffafebb820c3%3APixPin_2026-01-11_23-38-45.png?table=block&amp;id=2e581823-21b8-800d-b72b-cc6ac8c0a72e&amp;t=2e581823-21b8-800d-b72b-cc6ac8c0a72e" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b8807bbd71dc9f8dbb1ab5"><b>为何手动指定能成功？</b></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2e58182321b880e2bfd0d254c9b07c25"><li><b>跳过保守检测</b>：系统不再调用 <code class="notion-inline-code">blkid</code> 进行前置检测，规避了其严格策略。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2e58182321b880ec8a6ee81ce905977c"><li><b>内核直接处理：</b>挂载请求被直接传递给 Linux 内核的 XFS 文件系统驱动。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2e58182321b88060a881e6015a20779a"><li><b>驱动智能修复：</b>XFS 驱动在挂载时，具备更强的自我修复能力，会自动处理“脏日志”并完成中断的事务，继而正常挂载。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2e58182321b8803ca7a9c929a46f11d5"><li><b>最终结果：</b>文件系统被成功识别并挂载，所有数据均可正常访问。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b8800ca989f8eef71c1ab6">结论：因此，问题的根源并非硬盘或文件系统损坏，而在于 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>blkid</b></code><b> 工具的保守检测策略与 XFS 驱动更智能的自我修复能力之间存在差异</b>。正是这种差异，直接导致了 <b>“自动检测（auto）失败”而“手动指定（xfs）成功”</b> 的现象。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880f3aafdecfad2ad1dc1">理解了这一原理，我们就可以将其转化为一套可重复操作的解决方案。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2e58182321b880bba9b0fd9b3bf71487" data-id="2e58182321b880bba9b0fd9b3bf71487"><span><div id="2e58182321b880bba9b0fd9b3bf71487" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e58182321b880bba9b0fd9b3bf71487" title="5. 解决方案实施指南"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5. <b>解决方案实施指南</b></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e58182321b880ef9af0d6b35c217914">基于以上分析，我们已将问题根源定位，并验证了解决方案。现将完整的排查与解决流程梳理如下，方便读者按步骤操作。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880f59b0ede0ab7a85f07"><b>解决流程总览</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e88182321b88078a653f2e9f778a12f">遇到 Unraid 硬盘挂载失败时，请遵循以下流程：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e88182321b8802e8712f8caaf3372e7" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>硬件健康检查</b></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e88182321b8803fba50d3a92dd42528" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>文件系统诊断与修复</b></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e88182321b8807d935fe226cf3ffa84" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>绕过自动检测，手动挂载</b></li></ol><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2e88182321b880cbb675e644768a2cae" data-id="2e88182321b880cbb675e644768a2cae"><span><div id="2e88182321b880cbb675e644768a2cae" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e88182321b880cbb675e644768a2cae" title="5.1 第一步：硬件健康检查"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.1 第一步：硬件健康检查</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880faa928e2dba3d643f0"><b>操作方式</b></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2e88182321b8804aaf7cc602228640b0"><li><b>Web 界面：</b>在主界面点击故障硬盘（如“磁盘1”），然后查看 <b>“属性”</b>（Attributes）。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2e88182321b8802f9e29e6f0e0f8909e"><li><b>命令行：</b>执行 <code class="notion-inline-code">smartctl -a /dev/sdX</code> 命令，其中 <code class="notion-inline-code">sdX</code> 需替换为实际的硬盘设备标识（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">sdb</code>）。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e88182321b88013b98dc56c21331254"><b>关键指标判定</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b8805fb596e7f5be79c32a">查看 SMART 数据时，请重点关注以下属性。若数值异常，可能表明存在硬件故障，应优先处理或更换硬盘。</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-2eb8182321b880dbb051c51755208c53"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-2eb8182321b88013a50af3b9521c3ba5"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">SMART ID</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">属性</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">正常值</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">需警惕的阈值</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2eb8182321b880a8b6fcd29fd970ea1c"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">5</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">重映射扇区计数 (Reallocated_Sector_Ct)</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">0</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">&gt; 100</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2eb8182321b880458e1fc3cec14dd077"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">197</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">当前待映射扇区 (Current_Pending_Sector)</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">0</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">&gt; 10</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2eb8182321b8807fbea7f53f64024261"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">198</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">离线无法校正扇区 (Offline_Uncorrectable)</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">0</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">&gt; 1</div></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2e88182321b880f3a95fe27941e8c200" data-id="2e88182321b880f3a95fe27941e8c200"><span><div id="2e88182321b880f3a95fe27941e8c200" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e88182321b880f3a95fe27941e8c200" title="5.2 第二步：文件系统诊断与修复"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.2 第二步：文件系统诊断与修复</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88026a1cbf8d73bbf0706"><b>重要前提</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880138922e733321a0f78">请注意：XFS 文件系统必须在阵列停止（即硬盘卸载）后，才能进行检测或修复（BTRFS 文件系统的要求则相反）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88069a63fc6d46810b446">以下操作针对 XFS<b> </b>文件系统。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2e88182321b880708089f1b9a2259e41" data-id="2e88182321b880708089f1b9a2259e41"><span><div id="2e88182321b880708089f1b9a2259e41" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e88182321b880708089f1b9a2259e41" title="（1）执行 XFS 文件系统检查"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">（1）执行 XFS 文件系统检查</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b8808b8b86eb4feb282773"><b>操作步骤</b></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e88182321b880ce8f60d486c8591f2a" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>以 <b>“维护模式”</b> 启动阵列（该模式不挂载数据盘）。</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e88182321b880ce8f60d486c8591f2a" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2eb8182321b8803192ccec10316b2b83"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A6cc225ea-befd-4cd5-8146-0d8c5e69e19b%3APixPin_2026-01-16_22-26-13.png?table=block&amp;id=2eb81823-21b8-8031-92cc-ec10316b2b83&amp;t=2eb81823-21b8-8031-92cc-ec10316b2b83" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></ol></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b8801aa440d94412f1f4e7" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>点击目标硬盘（如“磁盘1”），在 <b>“检查文件系统状态”</b> 区域进行操作。</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b8801aa440d94412f1f4e7" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2eb8182321b8800cb3ded95fb7e7d766"><div><b>注意</b>：<code class="notion-inline-code">-n</code> 参数表示“仅检查，不修复”。请务必先使用此参数进行检查，确认文件系统状态后再决定是否修复。</div></blockquote><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2eb8182321b8803b8430e9873cd74e27"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A6af6bc65-a2c6-4e48-a5da-5a9890bbb91c%3APixPin_2026-01-16_22-27-58.png?table=block&amp;id=2eb81823-21b8-803b-8430-e9873cd74e27&amp;t=2eb81823-21b8-803b-8430-e9873cd74e27" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></ol></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880edb97ae2f24628a509">检查结果参考如下：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2eb8182321b88044a7ddc86c1bf58184"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A8f9166ae-354a-40bd-b9ff-6e310f53ba05%3APixPin_2026-01-16_22-28-22.png?table=block&amp;id=2eb81823-21b8-8044-a7dd-c86c1bf58184&amp;t=2eb81823-21b8-8044-a7dd-c86c1bf58184" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880679096cd3b84783f6f">核心结果摘要：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e88182321b8809bb4d2ccf4dddb8c2b">假如说所有 7 个阶段成功完成（Phase 1 ~ Phase 7），即代表文件系统正常。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880febf1fe7d2e7834c78"><b>命令行方式</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88060bb71ce53b852d09d">也可以使用命令行执行只读检查：</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2e88182321b880578890e8595d26fe72" data-id="2e88182321b880578890e8595d26fe72"><span><div id="2e88182321b880578890e8595d26fe72" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e88182321b880578890e8595d26fe72" title="（2）执行文件系统修复（如需要）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">（2）执行文件系统修复（如需要）</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880bc95fffef3ed66a4fb"><b>若需修复</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880a880fde32205820024">如果检查发现错误，或基于判断决定进行修复，请执行以下操作：</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2eb8182321b880a595faf734b421e65f"><div><b>警告</b>：修复操作可能会尝试更正文件系统元数据。<b>强烈建议在修复前，确保已有可靠备份</b>。</div></blockquote><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880429678dc435abe6630"><li><b>Web界面</b>：在相同位置，将参数替换为 <code class="notion-inline-code">-v</code> 并运行。</li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880429678dc435abe6630"><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2eb8182321b8806781d3c326deaff3bd"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A97113600-7c5d-4cc0-9430-62735b610eaf%3APixPin_2026-01-17_13-04-03.png?table=block&amp;id=2eb81823-21b8-8067-81d3-c326deaff3bd&amp;t=2eb81823-21b8-8067-81d3-c326deaff3bd" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b88097a7ccd4163d966c60"><li><b>命令行</b>：执行以下命令：</li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b88097a7ccd4163d966c60"></ul></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e88182321b8805882fbcb574b82be41"><b>修复后，请再次使用 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>-n</b></code><b> 参数进行检查，以验证修复结果。</b></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2e88182321b880bcaa89ee5918726a2c" data-id="2e88182321b880bcaa89ee5918726a2c"><span><div id="2e88182321b880bcaa89ee5918726a2c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e88182321b880bcaa89ee5918726a2c" title="5.3 第三步：绕过自动检测，手动挂载"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.3 第三步：绕过自动检测，手动挂载</span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2e88182321b880ea8976e2a7819fa3f1" data-id="2e88182321b880ea8976e2a7819fa3f1"><span><div id="2e88182321b880ea8976e2a7819fa3f1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e88182321b880ea8976e2a7819fa3f1" title="（1）Web 界面操作（永久生效）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">（1）Web 界面操作<b>（永久生效）</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b8801e8596cef66e5de249">此操作将修改配置，使设置永久生效。</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e88182321b880d09b27ebecc197031e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>停止</b>阵列。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e88182321b88065be8ed57b62b120c4" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>在主界面点击目标硬盘（如“磁盘1”）</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e88182321b880b18697dca33303a60b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>找到“文件系统类型”设置，将其从 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>auto</b></code> 修改为 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>xfs</b></code><b> </b>。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e88182321b8804e9662eb63090ce904" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>点击 <b>“应用”</b> 保存配置。</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b8805e9a59db84cff80a97" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>启动</b>阵列。此时硬盘应能正常挂载。</li></ol><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2eb8182321b880ab9375fdc2b58292ad"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aee5d86b7-9547-4ebd-a0e8-ffafebb820c3%3APixPin_2026-01-11_23-38-45.png?table=block&amp;id=2eb81823-21b8-80ab-9375-fdc2b58292ad&amp;t=2eb81823-21b8-80ab-9375-fdc2b58292ad" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2e88182321b880c9a9d9d523f559a131" data-id="2e88182321b880c9a9d9d523f559a131"><span><div id="2e88182321b880c9a9d9d523f559a131" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2e88182321b880c9a9d9d523f559a131" title="（2）命令行操作（临时挂载）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">（2）命令行操作（临时挂载）</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88084af31e6ee6d869e45">此方法仅用于临时挂载以访问数据，重启后失效。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2e88182321b88029a8a8c80aa6a4a6a4"><b>注意：</b></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b8804ca678e7795005fc00"><li>请将 <code class="notion-inline-code">/dev/sdX1</code> 替换为您的实际设备路径。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880699bdcc417cd359926"><li>此挂载在重启后会失效。若需永久解决，请使用上述 Web 界面方法修改配置。</li></ul><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2eb8182321b880ed827ed1e46773c276" data-id="2eb8182321b880ed827ed1e46773c276"><span><div id="2eb8182321b880ed827ed1e46773c276" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2eb8182321b880ed827ed1e46773c276" title="6. 技术分析"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">6. 技术分析</span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2eb8182321b880d89cdad073e0796306" data-id="2eb8182321b880d89cdad073e0796306"><span><div id="2eb8182321b880d89cdad073e0796306" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2eb8182321b880d89cdad073e0796306" title="6.1 Unraid 挂载机制深度剖析"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">6.1 <b>Unraid 挂载机制深度剖析</b></span></span></h3><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2eb8182321b880dda169f14de4db91b8"><div><b>本节知识鸣谢</b>：以下对 Unraid 底层机制的剖析，主要总结并引用自博主 <b><a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/NyaMisty" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">NyaMisty</a></b>（Twitter/X：<b><a class="notion-link" href="https://x.com/MiscMisty" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">@MiscMisty</a></b>）的文章《<a class="notion-link" href="https://drafts.misty.moe/unraid%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%A4%9Alun%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E5%A6%82exos-2x14-f98e023fef824c668cc85aeccf501179" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UnRaid使用多LUN磁盘（如ExOS 2x14）</a>》。特此说明并致谢。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880db8c4ff62219036a61">在前文的案例中，我们通过将硬盘的文件系统类型从 <code class="notion-inline-code">auto</code> 改为 <code class="notion-inline-code">xfs</code>，成功解决了挂载失败的问题。这一操作看似简单，实则<b>绕过了一套复杂而精密的自动化挂载流程</b>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b8807d82d8e1e294362f07">本节将深入这套流程的核心，剖析 Unraid <b>如何识别设备、管理阵列配置，并最终完成挂载</b>。理解这些底层机制，不仅能让我们更透彻地理解前文解决方案的原理，也能在遭遇更复杂的存储问题时，做到心中有数。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880e3812ef2fd862db28e">Unraid 的存储管理架构可以简化为两大核心部分：<b>用户空间的管理进程 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>emhttpd</b></code> 与 <b>内核空间的设备映射驱动 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>md</b></code>。</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b8804b8babc31d97a9ad2d"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>emhttpd</b></code>：作为 Web 界面的后台服务，负责所有“指挥”工作。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b8807cb0fef9865127a3ce"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>md</b></code><b> 驱动</b>（特别是其 Unraid 定制版本 <code class="notion-inline-code">md_unraid</code>）：负责底层“执行”，实现类 RAID 的磁盘聚合与映射。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b8805ab4fedfefafee695f">两者通过一个名为 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>/usr/local/sbin/mdcmd</b></code> 的工具进行通信。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2eb8182321b880619097e34c7fff1252" data-id="2eb8182321b880619097e34c7fff1252"><span><div id="2eb8182321b880619097e34c7fff1252" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2eb8182321b880619097e34c7fff1252" title="（1）emhttpd 的设备识别流程"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（1）emhttpd 的设备识别流程</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880969c41cd1bc905d388"><code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 识别物理磁盘的逻辑可概括为以下四步：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b880e99edfc8301c1d6d5d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>遍历设备库</b>：扫描 <code class="notion-inline-code">/sys/dev/block/</code> 目录下的所有条目。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b880789795eb248b12ceb3" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>模式匹配</b>：检查每个符号链接的目标路径，与预设的<b>设备类型模式</b>进行匹配。例如：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b880789795eb248b12ceb3" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880c2acfef7fa3e0a9161"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">../block/sd[a-z]</code> → SATA/SAS 硬盘。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880709a3ff9fcffd1d837"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">../nvme/nvme[0-9]</code> → NVMe 硬盘。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b88044b3e7d5f7baf21c1f"><li><code class="notion-inline-code">../block/vd[a-z]</code> → VirtIO 虚拟磁盘。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b880918f8bd0ec6138a5a2" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>提取设备名</b>：从匹配的路径中提取出 <code class="notion-inline-code">sda</code>、<code class="notion-inline-code">nvme0n1</code> 等核心设备名。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b88006accedf1c9d3323b8" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>绑定唯一身份</b>：在 <code class="notion-inline-code">/dev/disk/by-id/</code> 目录中，查找包含该设备名的符号链接（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">ata-WDC_WD100EFZX-68U...</code>），从而获取硬盘的<b>唯一序列号 ID</b>。此 ID 是 Unraid 识别和追踪硬盘的<b>最关键凭证</b>，不受设备端口号（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">sda</code> 可能变为 <code class="notion-inline-code">sdb</code>）变动的影响。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88014a55cd5a5ae96cf8d">这套流程确保了 Unraid 能够准确、稳定地识别系统中的物理磁盘。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2eb8182321b8802fa851ec25cb1dba61" data-id="2eb8182321b8802fa851ec25cb1dba61"><span><div id="2eb8182321b8802fa851ec25cb1dba61" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2eb8182321b8802fa851ec25cb1dba61" title="（2）配置的持久化：/boot/config/super.dat"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">（2）<b>配置的持久化：</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>/boot/config/super.dat</b></code></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880faa928f2d5ec912bff">识别设备后，系统如何记住“<b>哪个盘在阵列的哪个槽位</b>”？</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88022b3bcc7fb82514352">答案就在 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>/boot/config/super.dat</b></code> 文件中。此文件堪称 Unraid 阵列的 <b>“配置数据库”</b> 或 <b>“超级块”</b>，用于持久化存储阵列结构。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88082bb26dd0b324b469f">当用户在 Web 界面完成阵列分配（指定 Disk 1, Disk 2 等）并首次启动阵列后，<code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 会通过 <code class="notion-inline-code">mdcmd</code> 工具，将最终的槽位-设备映射关系写入此文件。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880f98425fca6e79b2770">其保存的信息格式类似于：<code class="notion-inline-code">mdcmd import [槽位] [设备名] [偏移量] [大小] [已擦除标志] [设备ID]</code></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880258e95f7ca1d9a21b3">例如一条记录：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88091aef0e530e41f8013">这相当于给内核 <code class="notion-inline-code">md</code> 驱动的一条指令：“<b>将 ID 为 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>TOSHIBA_...</b></code><b> 的硬盘，导入到阵列的槽位 1。</b>” <code class="notion-inline-code">super.dat</code> 文件则保存了所有槽位的此类指令。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880e3a4b9f61b7d9a966b">因此，<b>Unraid 阵列配置的核心逻辑是“ID 绑定”，而非“端口绑定”</b>。系统记住的是 <b>“ID 为 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>XXXXX</b></code><b> 的硬盘是 Disk 1”</b>，而非 <b>“</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>sdb</b></code><b> 端口上的硬盘是 Disk 1”</b> 。这完美解释了为何硬盘更换接口或重启后设备名（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">sda</code>/<code class="notion-inline-code">sdb</code>）互换，阵列仍能正确重组。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2eb8182321b8809082cafe362985a85b"><div><b>扩展理解</b>：用户在“<b>工具</b> → <b>新配置</b>”中执行操作，其底层效果就是<b>清空 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>super.dat</b></code><b> 文件</b>，从而重置阵列映射关系。</div></blockquote><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2eb8182321b88071a0dde626e72901e5"><summary>（参考）在 Unraid 启动阵列时，读者可以从系统日志中观察到这一流程相关的输出信息</summary><div></div></details><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2eb8182321b880339439f902ea64699a" data-id="2eb8182321b880339439f902ea64699a"><span><div id="2eb8182321b880339439f902ea64699a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2eb8182321b880339439f902ea64699a" title="（3）完整的挂载流程"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">（3）<b>完整的挂载流程</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880a7957ad5eca345b269">综合前两部分，Unraid 从启动到完成挂载的完整流程如下：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b88078bdfdd68ac14124ad" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>系统初始化</b>：Unraid 启动，<code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 服务运行。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b8804cb885c9702640345e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>读取持久化配置</b>：<code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 读取 <code class="notion-inline-code">/boot/config/super.dat</code> 文件，获取预设的阵列槽位与设备ID的映射关系。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b880ccb7a7c5897348d8ec" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>发现当前设备</b>：<code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 执行前述设备识别流程，生成当前系统中所有硬盘的实际 ID 列表。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b880a2bbfec142a777eca6" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>重建逻辑阵列</b>：<code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 比对配置 ID 与实际 ID ，为每个匹配项通过 <code class="notion-inline-code">mdcmd import</code> 命令，指示内核 <code class="notion-inline-code">md</code> 驱动重建逻辑设备（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">/dev/md1</code>）。</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b880c292ccc466c37f59e5" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>关键决策点：文件系统挂载</b>：对于每个逻辑设备（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">/dev/md1p1</code>），<code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 执行挂载。<b>此处正是前文案例的分水岭</b>：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b880c292ccc466c37f59e5" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b8807fb4d2ea3d838bcfd9"><li><b>模式 A (默认 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>auto</b></code><b>)</b>：<code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 调用 <code class="notion-inline-code">blkid</code> 探测文件系统类型。若 <code class="notion-inline-code">blkid</code> 因严格检查（如发现 XFS 脏日志）而报告“无法识别”，<code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 便出于安全策略中止挂载，并提示错误。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2eb8182321b880f3959dcb7c1451f7b5"><li><b>模式 B (手动指定 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>xfs</b></code><b>)</b>：我们<b>绕过了 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>blkid</b></code><b> 探测</b>，直接指令 <code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code>：“将此设备按 <code class="notion-inline-code">xfs</code> 类型挂载”。挂载请求遂被直接递交给内核的 <b>XFS 驱动</b>。该驱动在挂载时能自动处理日志不一致等问题，从而成功挂载。</li></ul></ol></ol><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2eb8182321b8808c96bac8821cc17395" data-id="2eb8182321b8808c96bac8821cc17395"><span><div id="2eb8182321b8808c96bac8821cc17395" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2eb8182321b8808c96bac8821cc17395" title="（4）核心机制总结"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（4）核心机制总结</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88078a99bcb8d5a511f44">通过以上剖析，我们可以将 Unraid 的挂载机制凝练为：<b>一个以设备唯一 ID 为核心纽带，由用户空间的 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>emhttpd</b></code><b> 进行配置管理与调度，通过 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>mdcmd</b></code><b> 工具与内核的 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>md</b></code><b> 驱动协作，最终依据文件系统设置执行挂载的自动化流水线。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88072b1a4f6c7af237090">前文案例的解决方案，其本质是<b>在严格但保守的自动化检测流程（</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>blkid</b></code><b>）与更智能、更具修复能力的底层驱动（XFS）之间，选择了信任后者</b>。这种“绕过”之所以有效，正是基于我们对 Unraid 分层架构的理解：<code class="notion-inline-code">emhttpd</code> 是挂载流程的<b>调度者</b>，而非文件系统完整性的<b>最终裁判官</b>。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2eb8182321b88070814de170bd014b73" data-id="2eb8182321b88070814de170bd014b73"><span><div id="2eb8182321b88070814de170bd014b73" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2eb8182321b88070814de170bd014b73" title="（5）对用户的启示"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（5）对用户的启示</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b880549bd5f1ea41a0a567">这一深度剖析为 Unraid 用户带来了双重价值：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b8806abc96fa44234096e5" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>实用技巧</b>：当遭遇因元数据轻微不一致（如“脏日志”）导致的“软性”挂载失败时，在确认硬件与文件系统结构完好后，<b>手动指定文件系统类型</b>是一个直接且有效的诊断与恢复手段。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2eb8182321b8802eb32cfb2e17438dfe" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>原理认知</b>：Unraid 的易用性建立在精密的抽象层之上。其配置核心是<b>设备永久ID</b>，而非易变的端口号。深刻理解这一点，是安全进行阵列迁移、硬盘更换等高级操作的基石。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b88053b1aac620337987c9"><b>结语</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2eb8182321b8800688cafc1d073675e3">正是这些精心设计的底层机制，赋予了 Unraid 在提供高度灵活存储方案的同时，具备可观的健壮性。对于我们用户而言，<b>深入理解其工作原理，便是从“被动使用者”转变为“主动驾驭者”的关键</b>。这不仅能让我们在问题发生时精准施策，更能让我们在日常使用中充满信心。</div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2eb8182321b880ce9a42d9f3f5b77781"> </div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ACPI BIOS Error 深度解析：当固件与内核发生冲突]]></title>
            <link>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/linux-acpi-bios-error-troubleshooting-guide</link>
            <guid>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/linux-acpi-bios-error-troubleshooting-guide</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[遇到 ACPI BIOS Error 却不知从何入手？本文基于四个真实案例（SATA 降速、Intel 核显 SR-IOV、NVIDIA 显卡冲突），深入分析固件与内核的兼容性问题本质。从快速评估到软件绕过、硬件修复，提供系统化的三阶段排查策略。即使问题无法完全解决，也能帮助你理解错误、理性决策、降低恐慌。技术从不完美，但通过共享经验，我们共同推动进步。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2dc8182321b8801689a6e60b3163001e"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-b006bc6206384d31ae666256ce1c3563"><div>如需技术支持，请点击 👉 <a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/paid-service" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">联系方式</a></div></blockquote><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2dc8182321b880ec9329ec2a6e5c519b" data-id="2dc8182321b880ec9329ec2a6e5c519b"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880ec9329ec2a6e5c519b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880ec9329ec2a6e5c519b" title="1. 引言：那个令人头疼的错误日志"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 引言：那个令人头疼的错误日志</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88021ae41cc3cb318df1f">2026 年 1 月 1 日，一位网友通过博客联系到我，反映了他的 Unraid 系统上出现的一个棘手问题。在系统日志中，反复出现类似这样的错误信息：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88075beb8dda08acd0680">伴随着这些错误，他的核显 SR-IOV 虚拟化功能无法正常工作。这并非个例——在我接触的技术咨询案例中，ACPI BIOS Error 是一个出现频率极高，却又极难彻底解决的问题。很多用户面对这样的错误日志感到束手无策，不知道该从何入手。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8800eb35ad6392c49d249">实际上，这类问题的本质是：<b>硬件固件与操作系统内核之间的兼容性冲突</b>。就像两个人讲不同的语言，互相无法理解，导致沟通失败。这种兼容性问题往往没有一劳永逸的解决方案，但理解了它的来龙去脉，至少能让你不再恐慌，知道该从何入手。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8808e92fac5cc6c1cbaeb">本文将通过四个真实案例，深入剖析 ACPI BIOS Error 的产生背景、技术逻辑，以及可能的应对思路。读完本文后，你将明白：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b8801d93bbdb403cfeeb25"><li>ACPI 是什么，为什么会导致错误</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880c3a650de2f8fb7965c"><li>如何判断错误是否影响实际使用</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b88031b94acd5f81f05d54"><li>有哪些排查和缓解的方法</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880c88b3af0080ca4b06d"><li>什么时候该尝试修复，什么时候该接受现实</li></ul><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2dc8182321b8805bb0fbc0879af1f31d" data-id="2dc8182321b8805bb0fbc0879af1f31d"><span><div id="2dc8182321b8805bb0fbc0879af1f31d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b8805bb0fbc0879af1f31d" title="2. ACPI 是什么？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. ACPI 是什么？</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880e2b93eea9621c20658">在深入具体案例之前，我们需要先理解 ACPI（Advanced Configuration and Power Interface，高级配置与电源接口）究竟是什么。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880da8430caf631d55557">ACPI 是一个开放标准，最早由 Intel、Microsoft、Phoenix Technologies 等公司于 1996 年联合推出。它的核心作用是：<b>为操作系统提供一套统一的方式来描述和配置计算机硬件，特别是电源管理和硬件配置方面</b>。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b8808a80a5ce5f97f2cee5" data-id="2dc8182321b8808a80a5ce5f97f2cee5"><span><div id="2dc8182321b8808a80a5ce5f97f2cee5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b8808a80a5ce5f97f2cee5" title="2.1 简单来说，ACPI 是一份“说明书”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.1 简单来说，ACPI 是一份“说明书”</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88039970cdf30102851d6">想象一下，你的主板是一栋大楼，主板 BIOS/UEFI 是建筑设计师，Linux 内核是物业管理员。ACPI 就是设计师给管理员的一份<b>大楼使用说明书</b>，里面详细记录了：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880fa8bb5d730accf5186"><li>这栋楼有哪些房间（硬件设备）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b88058bffbd6b587ed52cf"><li>每个房间有什么用途（设备功能）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880f5aa33d242e77a8344"><li>如何控制每个房间的灯光和空调（电源管理）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b8805fac81ff49655cf1d2"><li>房间之间的连接关系（设备拓扑）</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88048a527dcfa9793e24d">具体来说，ACPI 通过一种叫做 <b>DSDT</b>（Differentiated System Description Table）的数据表来描述这些信息。当 Linux 内核启动时，它会读取主板固件提供的这份“说明书”，然后按照说明来初始化和管理硬件。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880b89a19f967ea7c1eee" data-id="2dc8182321b880b89a19f967ea7c1eee"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880b89a19f967ea7c1eee" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880b89a19f967ea7c1eee" title="2.2 为什么会出错？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.2 为什么会出错？</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880fb9d1cff41d238995f">当 Linux 内核启动时，它会读取主板固件提供的 ACPI 表，然后根据表中的描述来初始化和管理硬件。<b>如果 ACPI 表的描述与内核的预期不符，或者与硬件驱动程序的初始化逻辑冲突，就会产生 ACPI BIOS Error。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880d2b202cd148fca0f65">换句话说，如果这份“说明书”编写有误，就会出现问题。常见的情况包括：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88006ba6fe21552b18dd7"><b>情况 1： 符号引用错误</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880118351e66c81915ccc">说明书上说“请参考 A 房间”，但实际上 A 房间根本不存在。内核读到这里就会报错：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880b4895dccfe74e1ca2b"><b>情况 2： 对象重复定义</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880808563d3e26cca3314">说明书上说“B 房间用于存储“，但后面的章节又说“B 房间用于办公”。内核发现冲突会报错：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880f2bcd5d48bb8d685e9"><b>情况 3： 驱动程序冲突</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8807f9060cd0826b9e9f8">内核的硬件驱动程序想要注册某个功能，但 ACPI 表中已经定义了不同的实现方式，两者产生冲突。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880d99488f292c9e3f8b7">总的来说，上述这些情况所出现的问题主要发生在以下场景：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2dc8182321b8806d815cf795ef467b6a" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>固件实现的缺陷</b>： 主板厂商在编写 ACPI 表时出现了错误，比如引用了不存在的符号</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2dc8182321b880e0b3d6e58997dd23a3" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>驱动程序的冲突</b>： 硬件驱动程序试图注册一个已经被 ACPI 表定义的对象</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2dc8182321b8807d8988e8340ebf0eaf" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>内核解释的变化</b>： 新版本内核对 ACPI 标准的解释更加严格，以前能“凑合用”的表现在被拒绝</li></ol><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b8806abf63ea50ad60bfeb" data-id="2dc8182321b8806abf63ea50ad60bfeb"><span><div id="2dc8182321b8806abf63ea50ad60bfeb" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b8806abf63ea50ad60bfeb" title="2.3 为什么 Windows 没问题？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.3 为什么 Windows 没问题？</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8808db08ee6cd6f0909b3">很多用户会问：<b>“为什么 Windows 上没有这个问题，只有 Linux 有?”</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88018a74aef31b3c872bd">这就像一个宽松的管理员和一个严格的管理员：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b8800cac55d662de1f3203"><li><b>Windows</b> 对 ACPI 错误比较“宽容”，即使发现错误也会尝试继续运行。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b88003a16cc2c1ec92a639"><li><b>Linux</b> 则更加严格，发现错误会直接报错并中止相关操作</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880739720c7afbdda6474">此外，主板厂商在测试时主要针对 Windows 进行优化，对 Linux 的兼容性考虑较少。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880e9a8f5e5da11f03175" data-id="2dc8182321b880e9a8f5e5da11f03175"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880e9a8f5e5da11f03175" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880e9a8f5e5da11f03175" title="2.4 多方因素造成了 ACPI 错误"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.4 多方因素造成了 ACPI 错误</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880999837c6c9f4b1630c">理解了这一点，我们就能明白：<b>ACPI 错误往往不是单一方的错，而是固件、内核、驱动三者之间协调失败的结果。</b></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2dc8182321b880d28eabf122dd3887d8" data-id="2dc8182321b880d28eabf122dd3887d8"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880d28eabf122dd3887d8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880d28eabf122dd3887d8" title="3. 案例剖析：三种典型的 ACPI BIOS Error"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. 案例剖析：三种典型的 ACPI BIOS Error</span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880878a72cc53703484ba" data-id="2dc8182321b880878a72cc53703484ba"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880878a72cc53703484ba" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880878a72cc53703484ba" title="案例一：Unraid 6.10 的 SATA 链接降速问题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">案例一：Unraid 6.10 的 SATA 链接降速问题</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880bc8061e3c1868d55c2">此案例出现在 Unraid 论坛上的一个帖子：<a class="notion-link" href="https://forums.unraid.net/bug-reports/stable-releases/610-started-getting-acpi-bios-error-bug-errors-r1972/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">[6.10] Started getting “ACPI BIOS Error (bug）” errors</a></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880699aeef09425d110ad">2022 年 6 月，一位 Unraid 用户在升级到 <code class="notion-inline-code">6.10</code> 版本后，发现系统日志中频繁出现 ACPI 错误（<code class="notion-inline-code">AE_NOT_FOUND</code>）：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8809ea605f869647a04fa"><b>错误分析：</b>主板 ACPI 表中的 <code class="notion-inline-code">_GTF</code> 方法引用了一个不存在的符号 <code class="notion-inline-code">DSSP</code>，导致该方法执行失败。当 ACPI 方法失败后，SATA 控制器的初始化过程被打断，最终表现为 SATA 链接速度从 6.0 Gbps 降级到 3.0 Gbps。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880319304d54eb89bae0b"><b>为什么是 6.10 之后出现：</b>Unraid <code class="notion-inline-code">6.9.2</code> 使用的是较旧的 Linux 内核（<code class="notion-inline-code">5.x</code> 系列），而 <code class="notion-inline-code">6.10</code> 升级到了更新的内核（<code class="notion-inline-code">6.x</code> 系列）。新内核对 ACPI 错误的检测更加严格，不再“宽容”地忽略这类固件缺陷，而是直接报错并中止相关方法的执行。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880f892c2f23d7993ddb6"><b>解决方案：</b>Unraid 社区成员 <code class="notion-inline-code">ghost82</code> 提供了一个绕过方案：在内核启动参数中添加 <code class="notion-inline-code">libata.noacpi=1</code> 。这个参数的作用是：<b>告诉 libata（SATA 驱动层）不要使用 ACPI 提供的 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>_GTF</b></code><b> 等方法来配置 SATA 设备，而是使用驱动程序自己的配置逻辑</b>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880a99dc2c8c342192002">另一个建议是：<b>升级主板 BIOS</b>。很多时候，主板厂商会在新版本 BIOS 中修复 ACPI 表的缺陷，但这并不是总能奏效。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880d1bafede802a5e1bf1"><b>结论：</b>这个案例清楚地展示了 ACPI 错误的直接后果——当 ACPI 方法执行失败时，可能会影响硬件设备的正常初始化，导致性能降级（如 SATA 速度减半）。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880dbb619d357f5d9f6a7" data-id="2dc8182321b880dbb619d357f5d9f6a7"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880dbb619d357f5d9f6a7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880dbb619d357f5d9f6a7" title="案例二：Intel 核显 SR-IOV 虚拟化功能不稳定问题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">案例二：<b>Intel 核显 SR-IOV 虚拟化功能不稳定问题</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88070a4a3d3e36ba7fe8c">回到文章开头那一位网友的案例，这位网友在 Unraid 系统上使用了 Intel 核显进行虚拟化直通，系统日志中出现了文章开头所述的“对象重复定义”错误（<code class="notion-inline-code">AE_ALREADY_EXISTS</code>）：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88059bbcce5cfccf29bb6"><b>问题环境：</b>他使用的是一款 Intel 最新的 Arrow Lake 处理器 Ultra 7 265k，在 Unraid 使用 Intel i915 SR-IOV 插件为核显启用 SR-IOV（Single Root I/O Virtualization）功能，以便将虚拟 GPU 分配给虚拟机使用。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2dc8182321b880b2a929c704097eb571"><div>Intel i915 SR-IOV 插件的具体使用方法，可以参考博主的文章：<a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-intel-igd-sr-iov" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《unRAID 11~13 代CPU开启 SR-IOV 实现虚拟机核显直通》</a></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880ceb8e4ded347fc68ea">硬件配置：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880408b4edb60007aa596"><li><b>主板：</b> ASUS ROG STRIX B860-I（华硕天选 B860）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880ec8afbc20f8e73bcd1"><li><b>CPU：</b> <a class="notion-link" href="https://www.intel.cn/content/www/cn/zh/products/sku/241063/intel-core-ultra-7-processor-265k-30m-cache-up-to-5-50-ghz/specifications.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Intel Core Ultra 7 265K</a> (Arrow Lake）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880cdbae9d83f56eb350f"><li><b>核显：</b> Device ID 7D67（设备 ID 7D76）</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880108636f98c331d6aa2"><b>问题表现：</b>只要将 VGPU 分配给虚拟机运行之后，虚拟机日志就会出现如下的报错：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2dc8182321b8806fb646ef54bb0d8157"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A69ae50d5-7422-48ad-b056-ef072ad69f38%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2dc81823-21b8-806f-b646-ef54bb0d8157&amp;t=2dc81823-21b8-806f-b646-ef54bb0d8157" alt="本图片属于另一个案例，但错误类型是一致的" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">本图片属于另一个案例，但错误类型是一致的</figcaption></div></figure><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2dc8182321b880c692a8e01a3a4c4c97"><div><em><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/unraid-gpu-passthrough-ultimate-guide" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《Unraid 显卡直通终极指南：从“显示器不亮”说起》</a></em><em>：</em><em><code class="notion-inline-code">DMA</code></em><em>（直接内存访问）是显卡与内存直接通信的通道，</em><em><code class="notion-inline-code">MAP_DMA failed</code></em><em> 意味着 QEMU 无法为显卡正确分配和映射这段通信所需的内存地址空间。错误代码 </em><em><code class="notion-inline-code">-22 (Invalid argument)</code></em><em> 则表明它收到的内存地址参数是无效的、无法识别的。</em></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88008af32ff9f7f0d0895">与此同时 Unraid 系统日志中出现如下报错：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2dc8182321b88063bf3dcad9aad685a8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ac0ee8ba9-c5c9-4180-8b2a-dea1cabec373%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2dc81823-21b8-8063-bf3d-cad9aad685a8&amp;t=2dc81823-21b8-8063-bf3d-cad9aad685a8" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88057ad95c3a55a95731f">错误日志中的 <code class="notion-inline-code">_DSM</code> 是 <b>Device-Specific Method</b>（设备特定方法）的缩写。根据 ACPI 规范，<code class="notion-inline-code">_DSM</code> 是一种允许硬件厂商为特定设备提供自定义功能的机制，常用于：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880798527e282622ff152"><li>提供 GPU 的优化功能</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b8809cac82fb7bfdb12b71"><li>向驱动程序传递设备特定的配置参数</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880e6912efa540b72b9e3"><li>实现厂商私有的电源管理策略</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88026bf41e9a4436abf59">根据网友的反馈，VGPU 直通功能在虽然在某些情况下可用，但是会出现不稳定的情况，例如使用了 VGPU 的 Windows 虚拟机只能在第一次正常运行、Unraid 无法正常关机的问题：</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2dc8182321b8803db96ff674a8f6df89"><summary>用户反馈</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2dc8182321b880c2bed6de87c6740428"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aade3e6a2-24f8-4d92-9863-f2cb62db699c%3APixPin_2026-01-02_17-38-40.png?table=block&amp;id=2dc81823-21b8-80c2-bed6-de87c6740428&amp;t=2dc81823-21b8-80c2-bed6-de87c6740428" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2dc8182321b880038689faf3f4a07208"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A8de018b5-4c3d-4f9a-adf6-0aa5cd667243%3APixPin_2026-01-02_17-38-55.png?table=block&amp;id=2dc81823-21b8-8003-8689-faf3f4a07208&amp;t=2dc81823-21b8-8003-8689-faf3f4a07208" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880bd8114c4eb4df7d926">错误的因果关系大致是这样的：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2dc8182321b8809db832cac3145670ea" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>内核尝试执行核显的 <code class="notion-inline-code">_DSM</code> 方法，但方法执行失败（对象重复创建冲突）。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2dc8182321b8809e96b0f03478748548" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>上述原因导致 SR-IOV 初始化不完整或状态异常。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2dc8182321b8808dab3ad92386270b2a" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>直通了 VGPU 的虚拟运行后，VFIO 驱动尝试为虚拟机映射 DMA 内存，但出现  <code class="notion-inline-code">VFIO_MAP_DMA failed: Invalid argument (-22)</code> 错误。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2dc8182321b8801b8695e1c708abd5c8" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>进一步影响 Unraid 的整体系统稳定性，从而导致出现网友所说的 Unraid 无法正常关机的情况。</li></ol><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880ccbb2bc8ca11852a62" data-id="2dc8182321b880ccbb2bc8ca11852a62"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880ccbb2bc8ca11852a62" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880ccbb2bc8ca11852a62" title="案例 3：ACPI 问题的第三种表现形式 —— 固件支持缺陷"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">案例 3：ACPI 问题的第三种表现形式 —— 固件支持缺陷</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8809b8ab3d46b7265be7d">该案例由文章开头提到的这位网友提供，该问题来自 GitHub 上 <a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms</a> 项目的 <a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms/issues/359" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Issue #359</a> 。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880b8b8c9f5597708ff92">这是一个发生在 2025 年底的最新案例，与网友所用的 CPU 相同，甚至连主板都一致（ASUS ROG STRIX B860-I），但区别在于使用的是不同的底层系统（PVE）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880a39f85c8acc8411fb4">提交该 issue 的用户反馈，在 Arrow Lake 平台（Core Ultra 7 265K）上配置 SR-IOV 时，虽然能生成虚拟功能（VF，即 VGPU），但虚拟机在尝试映射显卡内存时会报错 <code class="notion-inline-code">VFIO_MAP_DMA failed</code> ：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88026b776cacf69dca2e9">起初 <code class="notion-inline-code">i915-sriov-dkms</code> 项目的维护者认为这是上游内核对新架构支持不足所致。但随后社区验证发现，核心冲突在于驱动选择：虽然默认的 <code class="notion-inline-code">xe</code> 驱动存在兼容性问题，但通过内核参数强制回退到 <code class="notion-inline-code">i915</code> 驱动（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">module_blacklist=xe</code> 配合 <code class="notion-inline-code">i915.force_probe</code>），是可以成功实现 GPU 直通并被 Windows 虚拟机识别的。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8801182a8e61a3f1e5e04"><b>然而，该方案存在致命的稳定性隐患。</b>多位用户证实，在启用 SR-IOV 后，宿主机会在运行 24 至 48 小时后遭遇严重的性能衰退或直接硬死机（Hard-lock）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88040b8fac1369a5bc128">因此，尽管 Arrow Lake 的 SR-IOV 在技术上已“打通”，但由于存在严重的资源泄露或死锁问题，目前仅适合短期测试。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880c196add6d4bfecc134">这个案例展示了 ACPI 问题的第三种表现形式：<b>即使没有明显的 ACPI 错误日志，固件对新硬件的支持缺陷也会导致高级功能失败</b>。这类问题往往需要等待主板厂商更新 BIOS、内核社区完善驱动，才能得到根本解决。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880e8858bc1fd7cd101bc" data-id="2dc8182321b880e8858bc1fd7cd101bc"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880e8858bc1fd7cd101bc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880e8858bc1fd7cd101bc" title="案例4： NVIDIA 驱动与 _DSM 方法的 AE_ALREADY_EXISTS 冲突"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">案例4： NVIDIA 驱动与 _DSM 方法的 AE_ALREADY_EXISTS 冲突</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8804280e1cc1f813e42c9">APCI 问题也比较容易出现在 Nvidia 显卡上，尤其是相对较新的显卡，例如 40 系列或 50 系列显卡。 </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8802ebc6eca2bd6a5cee2"><b>问题背景：</b>博主先前尝试帮助一位朋友解决他的 Nvidia 显卡直通时产生的 ACPI BIOS 错误（AE_ALREADY_EXISTS），但奈何这一问题根深于底层硬件固件之间的冲突，无法从更浅一层的驱动参数中进行规避，所以最终问题并没有得到解决。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880228e96e1e0a83a95c2">由于该问题排查过程冗长且麻烦，这里就不详细展开，我将当初排查的过程通过大模型整理成了 JSON 格式的排查文档，供大家参考：</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2dc8182321b880dca1ddd5f4192d2828"><summary>排查过程</summary><div></div></details><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2dc8182321b880339058c53c58f3b812" data-id="2dc8182321b880339058c53c58f3b812"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880339058c53c58f3b812" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880339058c53c58f3b812" title="4. 为什么 ACPI BIOS Error 如此顽固？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4. 为什么 ACPI BIOS Error 如此顽固？</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88054912df387969ebf2e">通过前文四个真实案例的分析，我们可以看到 ACPI BIOS Error 之所以难缠，是因为它涉及硬件固件、操作系统内核、设备驱动程序三个层面的复杂交互。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880059bd6c611d6d50a36" data-id="2dc8182321b880059bd6c611d6d50a36"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880059bd6c611d6d50a36" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880059bd6c611d6d50a36" title="4.1 多方因素造成"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4.1 多方因素造成</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880709ba4fdf902646d6c">ACPI 错误的产生往往涉及三方主体，每一方都可能成为问题的源头，但也都可以合理地辩解“不是我的错”。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88043b81ed441244fc7f8"><b>主板厂商</b>主要针对 Windows 进行测试和优化，Linux 市场份额较小，厂商缺乏足够的测试动力。<b>内核开发者</b>在新版本中严格执行 ACPI 规范，发现错误即中止，虽然提高了系统稳定性，但也暴露了更多固件缺陷。<b>设备驱动开发者</b>可以尝试绕过 ACPI，但某些硬件功能（如电源管理）必须依赖 ACPI，驱动层面的参数调整（如案例四中的 NVIDIA 驱动参数）往往无法触及深层固件问题。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8801fb9a8e8e968841aec">这种责任链条的模糊性，导致问题在多方推诿中悬而未决。案例四中 NVIDIA 显卡的问题就是典型：驱动层面的所有尝试都失败后，只能归结为“主板 BIOS 的兼容性问题”，但厂商并没有义务为 Linux 用户提供修复。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880ed89f2c65699dd1ad9" data-id="2dc8182321b880ed89f2c65699dd1ad9"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880ed89f2c65699dd1ad9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880ed89f2c65699dd1ad9" title="4.2 错误层级深度决定修复难度"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4.2 错误层级深度决定修复难度</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880688baec62f42e5c08b">ACPI 错误发生的“时间点”直接决定了修复难度：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880698908c6a862e79ba0"><b>层级 1：内核启动早期（最深层）</b>——内核在解析 DSDT/SSDT 表时发现符号引用错误（<code class="notion-inline-code">AE_NOT_FOUND</code>）或语法错误。修复难度极高，只能通过升级 BIOS、反编译 DSDT 手动修复（风险极高）或完全禁用 ACPI 来解决。案例一中的 SATA 问题就属于这一层级。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88005bbe8dddadf6c07cd"><b>层级 2：设备初始化阶段（中间层）</b>——设备驱动加载并调用 ACPI 方法时出现对象重复定义（<code class="notion-inline-code">AE_ALREADY_EXISTS</code>）。可以通过驱动参数调整、内核参数禁用或升级/降级内核版本来绕过。案例四中 NVIDIA 显卡的 <code class="notion-inline-code">_DSM</code> 冲突就发生在这一层，但驱动层面的参数调整无法从根本上解决问题，说明冲突发生在更早的阶段。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88058980ef9c8f873c6a2"><b>层级 3：运行时动态调用（相对表层）</b>——设备运行过程中调用 ACPI 方法时失败，相对容易通过禁用相关功能或固件更新来解决。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880f59ec3d6afc126f434" data-id="2dc8182321b880f59ec3d6afc126f434"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880f59ec3d6afc126f434" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880f59ec3d6afc126f434" title="4.3 硬件特异性与“良性错误”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4.3 硬件特异性与“良性错误”</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8800da188e12c55cc635e">ACPI 错误具有高度的硬件特异性：同一型号主板，不同批次的 BIOS 版本，ACPI 表内容可能不同；Windows 对 ACPI 错误的宽容度远高于 Linux，厂商在测试时很难发现 Linux 特定的兼容性问题。这使得开发者难以复现问题，厂商因&quot;无法复现&quot;而拒绝修复。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880ad8068e61875f5442a">更现实的问题是，很多 ACPI 错误<b>并不会立即导致明显的功能故障</b>。案例四中，NVIDIA 显卡的 ACPI 错误并未影响 GPU 的核心功能，用户实际使用中“一切正常”。案例三中，Arrow Lake 的 SR-IOV 在启用后 24-48 小时才会出现性能衰退，这种延迟性导致用户很难将错误日志与故障关联起来。案例一中，SATA 速度从 6.0 Gbps 降级到 3.0 Gbps，对于普通用户可能并不明显。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8808c98b0ec7781e19997">这些因素共同导致：用户报告问题的积极性不高，厂商修复的优先级较低，问题在社区中发酵多年，直到某个新内核版本或新硬件发布才被重新关注。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2dc8182321b880fd97afe0f87426ba9b" data-id="2dc8182321b880fd97afe0f87426ba9b"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880fd97afe0f87426ba9b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880fd97afe0f87426ba9b" title="5. 应对策略：从排查到接受现实"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5. 应对策略：从排查到接受现实</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8806da3e2c8d59ecd5c19">遇到 ACPI BIOS Error 时，可以按照以下思路系统排查。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880fcbe81c905f85ed024" data-id="2dc8182321b880fcbe81c905f85ed024"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880fcbe81c905f85ed024" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880fcbe81c905f85ed024" title="5.1 第一阶段：快速评估"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.1 第一阶段：快速评估</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8809da0dcd02df54bcefe">在投入大量时间排查之前，<b>最重要的是判断错误的实际影响程度</b>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880d2a6fad0a1977a83cf">检查核心功能是否受损：存储设备读写速度、显卡功能、网络功能、虚拟化功能是否正常。观察系统稳定性是否受影响：是否频繁崩溃、性能降级、设备间歇性失灵。记录错误日志的频率和时机。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880bbb7bcc12655512c96">基于评估，将问题归为三类：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880c6bff5efdc9feb7805"><li><b>类别 A（致命性故障）</b>：系统无法启动或频繁崩溃、核心功能失效。对应案例一（SATA 降速）、案例三（SR-IOV 失败且系统死锁）。必须解决。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b88004bac7c006fd3f6c35"><li><b>类别 B（功能受限但可用）</b>：高级功能无法使用、性能未达理论值但可接受。对应案例二（Intel 核显 VGPU 不稳定）。建议解决。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2dc8182321b880c4b5d5e3f13eb39a89"><li><b>类别 C（纯日志错误）</b>：所有功能正常、系统稳定。对应案例四（NVIDIA 显卡错误但功能正常）。可以观察。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88065aee2c0933aa53a9b">对于类别 C，可以选择“接受现实”，定期检查是否有新版本 BIOS 或内核提供修复。对于类别 A 和 B，需要继续排查。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b880ccba93eb631122a576" data-id="2dc8182321b880ccba93eb631122a576"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880ccba93eb631122a576" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880ccba93eb631122a576" title="5.2 第二阶段：软件层面绕过"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.2 第二阶段：软件层面绕过</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880ebb9cde0696263e833">从最简单、风险最低的软件方法开始尝试。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880aaa692ca7ca27dc045"><b>内核参数禁用特定 ACPI 功能</b>：最常用、风险最低的方法。针对 SATA 设备可使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">libata.noacpi=1</code>（案例一）；针对 PCI 设备可使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">pci=nomsi</code> 或 <code class="notion-inline-code">pci=noacpi</code>；完全禁用 ACPI 可使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">acpi=off</code>（慎用，可能导致系统无法启动）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8808f9cb1c20a7bc6ef87">在 Unraid 中通过 “主要 - Flash” 设置：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2dc8182321b880748df3f395f298727d"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ae652805c-c2c3-4765-82de-85f56956142d%3APixPin_2026-01-02_22-41-42.png?table=block&amp;id=2dc81823-21b8-8074-8df3-f395f298727d&amp;t=2dc81823-21b8-8074-8df3-f395f298727d" alt="Unraid 内核参数添加" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">Unraid 内核参数添加</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880999cd0ef1dd31bc13b"><b>驱动参数调整</b>：某些驱动提供参数控制 ACPI 行为。NVIDIA 显卡可尝试 <code class="notion-inline-code">options nvidia NVreg_RegistryDwords=&quot;RmAcpiDsmFuncsDisable=0x10&quot;</code>（案例四证明对深层固件问题无效）。Intel 核显可尝试 <code class="notion-inline-code">options i915 enable_guc=2</code> 或 <code class="notion-inline-code">force_probe=设备ID</code>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8808480e2dbe5e902f5b6"><b>内核版本选择</b>：升级内核可能包含修复，但也可能引入更严格检查（案例一中 Unraid 6.9 → 6.10）。降级内核可能临时绕过问题。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880daa334e24882d46ded"><b>社区驱动和补丁</b>：Intel 核显 SR-IOV 可使用 <a class="notion-link" href="https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">i915-sriov-dkms</a> 项目（案例三，存在稳定性风险）。高级用户可尝试反编译 DSDT 手动修复，但风险极高。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2dc8182321b880839025c87f5465fa5c"><div>另外需要说明的是，Unraid 上的 Intel i915 SR-IOV 插件所编译的 i915 驱动也来自 i915-sriov-dkms 项目，所以 Unraid 用户如果需要开启 SR-IOV 功能只需要安装此插件即可。</div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2dc8182321b8809694f4f8755889ea1a" data-id="2dc8182321b8809694f4f8755889ea1a"><span><div id="2dc8182321b8809694f4f8755889ea1a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b8809694f4f8755889ea1a" title="5.3 第三阶段：硬件层面修复"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5.3 第三阶段：硬件层面修复</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88022a485f129463deebc">如果软件层面无效，问题可能出在固件层面。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8800aa49bc48661ab6118"><b>更新主板 BIOS/UEFI</b>：最直接有效的方法。特别是新发布硬件平台（案例二、案例三中的 Arrow Lake）。只从官网下载 BIOS，更新前备份设置和数据。仔细阅读更新日志，查找是否提到 “ACPI”、“Linux”、“Compatibility” 等关键词。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880b5befbe9ce3cd26a22"><b>BIOS 设置调整</b>：某些选项影响 ACPI 表生成。电源管理相关：尝试禁用 C-States、Intel SpeedShift、PCIe ASPM。内存映射相关：尝试关闭 Above 4G Decoding（可能影响大内存系统）。每次只调整一个选项，记录结果以便回退。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880798997d6d4c580ecef"><b>硬件更换</b>：如果所有方法都无效且问题严重影响核心使用（如案例三中 SR-IOV 完全无法工作），更换硬件可能是最务实的选择。可选择 Linux 兼容性更好的主板品牌、降级到成熟平台、或更换成品牌机。这不“公平”，但有时兼容性问题就是无法通过软件手段解决。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2dc8182321b880af97c6ebf90ad02cb0" data-id="2dc8182321b880af97c6ebf90ad02cb0"><span><div id="2dc8182321b880af97c6ebf90ad02cb0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2dc8182321b880af97c6ebf90ad02cb0" title="6. 结语：与不完美的技术世界共存"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">6. 结语：与不完美的技术世界共存</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88081b274cfb11ade5633">ACPI BIOS Error 的存在，本质上反映了技术生态中的一个现实：<b>硬件和软件的快速发展，不可避免地会带来兼容性挑战</b>。案例二、案例三中的 Intel Arrow Lake 处理器（2025 年底发布）及其核显 SR-IOV 功能，就处于典型的“早期阵痛期”。新架构的固件实现可能存在缺陷，需要时间来修复，Linux 内核对新硬件的支持也需要逐步完善。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880009ce9dfb9b4c81869">但理解了问题的本质后，你至少可以不再恐慌。ACPI 错误是固件与内核之间的兼容性问题，与用户的操作无关。很多 ACPI 错误只是“噪音”，并不影响实际使用（如案例四）。你有系统的应对方法：从评估影响到尝试绕过，再到接受现实。你并不孤单，有无数 Linux 用户遇到过类似问题，社区中有大量的经验和解决方案可供参考。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880849c34fb551859ae48">这篇文章中引用的四个案例，都来自于真实的用户反馈和社区讨论：案例一来自 Unraid 论坛的用户报告和社区解决方案；案例二、案例三来自博客读者的技术咨询和 GitHub 项目的 Issue 讨论；案例四来自博主帮助朋友排查问题时整理的详细文档。这些案例的存在，本身就是开源社区力量的证明。即使问题无法完全解决，<b>经验的分享也能帮助其他人少走弯路</b>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8805c8869d2bdf3bfe688">技术问题终究会被解决。案例一中的 SATA 降速问题，通过社区提供的 <code class="notion-inline-code">libata.noacpi=1</code> 参数得到了绕过；案例三中的 Arrow Lake SR-IOV 问题，虽然目前存在稳定性问题，但随着内核版本更新和社区驱动的发展，未来很可能得到完善；案例四中的 NVIDIA 显卡 ACPI 错误，虽然驱动层面无法解决，但也许某个未来的 BIOS 更新就会修复。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b8804c80f0c4e5da2b340f">或许在某个平凡的日子，你升级了系统或更新了 BIOS，突然发现那些困扰你数月的 ACPI 错误日志消失了——那时候，你会知道，这是无数人和你一样，通过反馈、测试、等待，共同推动的结果。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b880c5a734d902aa47f1b3">ACPI BIOS Error 是一个不完美的技术世界中的不完美现象。我们无法要求每一块主板都有完美的固件实现，也无法要求 Linux 内核兼容所有硬件配置。但我们能做到的是：<b>理解问题的本质</b>，不再恐慌；<b>掌握应对的方法</b>，理性决策；<b>分享我们的经验</b>，帮助他人；<b>保持乐观的态度</b>，相信问题终会被解决。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88015b43dcf1adcf898ad">如果你正在阅读这篇文章，并且正被 ACPI 问题困扰，希望你能从中找到一些方向和安慰。也欢迎通过博客联系我，分享你的案例和解决方案。每一个数据点，都可能帮助到下一个遇到同样问题的人。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2dc8182321b88085aed0ca0696198eb6"><b>技术从不完美，但正是通过无数人的努力和共享，它才在不断完善中前进。</b></div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[内网访问自家域名失败？详解旁路由与非对称路由的终极解决方案]]></title>
            <link>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/bypass-router-internal-network-domain-access-failure</link>
            <guid>https://www.jackiewu.top/article/bypass-router-internal-network-domain-access-failure</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[详解旁路由模式下，内网无法通过自家域名访问服务（如NAS、Docker），但外网访问正常的经典故障。本文深入剖析其根本原因——非对称路由，并提供三种从易到难的完整解决方案：启用 IP 伪装、配置 NAT 回环与实施 DNS 分流，助读者彻底解决此问题并优化网络架构。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2d48182321b880a9b131e70585ea5ccc"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-29d56c42bb8c4e62bf018356c512258b"><div>如需技术支持，请点击 👉 <a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/paid-service" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">联系方式</a></div></blockquote><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2d68182321b880eead03e956e2ff7afd" data-id="2d68182321b880eead03e956e2ff7afd"><span><div id="2d68182321b880eead03e956e2ff7afd" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880eead03e956e2ff7afd" title="1. 引言：那个令人困惑的现象"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. <b>引言：那个令人困惑的现象</b></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d48182321b880908d96d4ff0d83323f">前阵子帮一位朋友解决了一个挺有代表性的家庭网络问题：<b>在内网环境下，无法通过自己的域名访问家里的服务（比如 Unraid 管理页面、各类 Docker 服务），但用手机流量（外网）访问却一切正常。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d48182321b8808d95d8dde09c6d81f3">这个问题的本质是<b>多层网关环境下的规则冲突与非对称路由。</b>本文将详细剖析问题产生的过程与原理，并提供相应的解决思路。理解其中的逻辑后，读者将能更好地维护自己的网络环境。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2d88182321b8806c98ded894ea7d73a7"><div><b>本文聚焦于&quot;主路由+旁路由&quot;双网关架构的原理剖析，</b>深入讲解非对称路由问题的本质。如果你对其他网络架构方案也感兴趣，欢迎阅读博主前期的文章：<span class="notion-blue"><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.jackiewu.top/article/best-alternative-solution-for-transparent-gateway" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《iKuai 与 OpenWrt 的有机结合：传统旁路由方案的完美替代》</a></span>。</div></blockquote><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2d68182321b88063afc8c143ba058aa1" data-id="2d68182321b88063afc8c143ba058aa1"><span><div id="2d68182321b88063afc8c143ba058aa1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b88063afc8c143ba058aa1" title="2. 环境介绍：典型的双路由家庭网络"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 环境介绍：<b>典型的双路由家庭网络</b></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2d68182321b8805fa9f7cda51ecf6321" data-id="2d68182321b8805fa9f7cda51ecf6321"><span><div id="2d68182321b8805fa9f7cda51ecf6321" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b8805fa9f7cda51ecf6321" title="2.1 双路由架构详情"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.1 双路由架构详情</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880c0a2ddc4fb357be07e">这位朋友的家庭网络是一个典型的<b>“主路由+旁路由”</b>双路由架构，设备虽不多，但各自设备的定位清晰，具体如下：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d78182321b880ef94f9c1ab1eaa8816"><li><b>主路由（iKuai）</b>：IP 地址为 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.250</code>。这是一台物理软路由，承担最基础、最核心的网络职能：PPPoE 拨号、DHCP 服务（为全屋设备分配IP），以及端口映射/DDNS（将外网访问导向内网服务器）。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d78182321b88095924ed082b5e4d5f6"><li><b>旁路由/透明网关（OpenWrt）</b>：IP 地址为 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.251</code>。作为运行在 Unraid 上的虚拟机，核心职责是处理“科学上网”、广告过滤、DNS 优化等特定业务。因此，客户端的默认网关被手动指向此处（<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.251</code>）。</li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d78182321b88095924ed082b5e4d5f6"><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2d78182321b8804d9841d5f62beaf76f"><div>配置提示：在旁路由模式下，OpenWrt 通常只需一个 LAN 接口。许多固件预置的 WAN 接口及相关防火墙规则并非必需。为简化路由逻辑便于维护，建议删除 WAN 接口及相关的防火墙区域，仅保留 LAN 。</div></blockquote></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880d79c83dba532c1b184"><li><b>业务服务器（Unraid+Lucky）</b>：IP 地址为 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.35</code> 。这是一台 Unraid 服务器，上面通过 Docker 运行了 Lucky 反向代理工具。它的作用是将复杂的内部服务（如多个 Docker 应用的管理页面）统一到简单的域名和端口（例如 <code class="notion-inline-code">qb.home.com：8888</code>）下来访问和管理。Unraid 服务器的网关指向了旁路由（<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.251</code>）。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b8804fa25efe9fc6c8e6c2"><li><b>客户端（PC）</b>：IP 地址为 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.95</code> 。这就是日常使用的台式机电脑，其网络设置中的网关指向了旁路由（<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.251</code>）。</li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2d68182321b88048a18ddb322b049a9d" data-id="2d68182321b88048a18ddb322b049a9d"><span><div id="2d68182321b88048a18ddb322b049a9d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b88048a18ddb322b049a9d" title="2.2 理想的数据流"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.2 <b>理想的数据流</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8808f8fb4c7b067e549ba">在这个环境下，数据流的理想路径是：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8806d845ec04a50952309">同时，由 Lucky 服务对外提供访问的内部服务，其标准的数据流入路径是：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b88093a44dcdba9c0b7a4d">实现上述两条理想路径的关键，在于作为网关的 OpenWrt 必须启用 <b>“IP 动态伪装”</b> 功能，其本质是 <b>源地址转换（SNAT）：</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2d68182321b88005b2e7ec6824d6cdb6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A570dba46-d0b2-4f3b-8ba5-28c86a1d8ee7%3APixPin_2025-12-27_22-51-13.png?table=block&amp;id=2d681823-21b8-8005-b2e7-ec6824d6cdb6&amp;t=2d681823-21b8-8005-b2e7-ec6824d6cdb6" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880ae9e13ed0a9972d945">其作用简明扼要：当数据包从 OpenWrt 的 LAN 口转发出去时（无论目的地是主路由 iKuai 还是内网其他设备），它会将数据包的<b>源 IP 地址</b>统一改写为 OpenWrt 自身的 LAN 口 IP（<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.251</code>）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8800f85eee623d01768f1">这个功能之所以关键，正是因为它<b>确保了回程路径的对称性：</b></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88050bae6eaf84e83f405"><li>以第一条路径为例：PC 访问互联网时，OpenWrt 将源 IP 从 PC 的 <code class="notion-inline-code">.95</code> 伪装成自己的 <code class="notion-inline-code">.251</code> 。当互联网的响应数据包回到 <code class="notion-inline-code">.251</code> 时，OpenWrt 能准确识别这是“属于 PC <code class="notion-inline-code">.95</code> 的包”，并完成反向地址转换后送回 PC ；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88095b7d9d4f875ab29cf"><li>对于第二条路径同样如此：从互联网返回 Lucky 的数据包，其目的 IP 是 OpenWrt 的<code class="notion-inline-code">.251</code> ，由 OpenWrt 负责最终转发给 Unraid 服务器上的 Lucky 容器。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880f2b0e1d8ae81b63737"><b>若关闭此功能，数据包将保持原始源 IP。在复杂的多层转发中，这极易导致接收方（如 Lucky 服务或互联网服务器）将响应直接发回原始客户端，而非经过 OpenWrt，从而破坏通信链路的对称性与完整性。</b></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2d68182321b880a7953bf90b93eb4d50" data-id="2d68182321b880a7953bf90b93eb4d50"><span><div id="2d68182321b880a7953bf90b93eb4d50" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880a7953bf90b93eb4d50" title="2.3 公网服务的正确配置"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2.3 <b>公网服务的正确配置</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880aab700ed486908d8cf">请思考：在已部署旁路由并开启 IP 动态伪装的环境中，若需将 Unraid 上的 Lucky 反向代理服务（端口 <code class="notion-inline-code">8888</code>）映射至公网，应如何配置端口映射？</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8802cb3ace81214524b30">正确的配置逻辑是：<b>仅需在主路由 iKuai 上配置一条端口映射规则</b>，旁路由 OpenWrt 无需（也不应）为此服务配置任何额外的端口转发。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880bcb21dcdceaba1ffa3">具体过程如下：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d68182321b880a69829f821fcb3f8b1" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>目标分析</b>：我们的最终目标是让公网用户访问 <code class="notion-inline-code">你的域名：8888</code> 时，流量能抵达 Unraid 服务器 （<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.35</code>） 上 Docker 中的 Lucky 服务。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d68182321b8800f9067f5d044398090" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>配置位置</b>：在<b>主路由 iKuai</b> 的 <b>端口映射/转发</b>（或 DNAT）功能页面中，创建一条新规则。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d68182321b880a18e46d21905f8f0cc" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>规则填写</b>：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d68182321b880a18e46d21905f8f0cc" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880679bf8e5afa2fb0840"><li><b>外网线路/接口</b>：选择你的宽带线路（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">WAN1</code>）。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b8800589d6d177e231dde3"><li><b>外网/协议端口</b>：填入 <code class="notion-inline-code">8888</code>（或希望公网访问的其他端口，建议使用高位端口，如 5 位数端口）。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880a98122e23bb697f0c9"><li><b>内网 IP 地址</b>：填入 Unraid 服务器的内网 IP，即 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.35</code>。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b8808f932cd4c8e13319d7"><li><b>内网端口</b>：同样填入 Lucky 服务的监听端口 <code class="notion-inline-code">8888</code>。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88067b9a0d65ef8bdf3a7"><li><b>协议</b>：通常选择 <code class="notion-inline-code">TCP</code> 或 <code class="notion-inline-code">TCP+UDP</code>（根据服务需求）。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d68182321b880b1809acbe210e05edb" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>关键点与原理</b>：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d68182321b880b1809acbe210e05edb" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d78182321b88012955dc69125c510a5"><li><b>为何不映射到 OpenWrt（</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>.251</b></code><b>）</b>？因为 Lucky 服务 （<code class="notion-inline-code">.35</code>） 的网关指向 OpenWrt<b>（</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>.251</b></code><b>）</b>。若 iKuai 将流量映射至 OpenWrt，路径将变为 <code class="notion-inline-code">互联网 -&gt; iKuai -&gt; OpenWrt -&gt; Lucky</code>。此举虽可能连通，但增加了不必要的跳转，且 OpenWrt 的防火墙规则可能干扰该流量（这正是后文故障的诱因之一）。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d78182321b880b1b07bc3333a69b88d"><li><b>为何映射到 Lucky 服务（</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>.35</b></code><b>）可行</b>？当 iKuai 将流量转发至 <code class="notion-inline-code">.35</code>，数据包目的 IP 即为 <code class="notion-inline-code">.35</code>。由于 Unraid 服务器的网关是 <code class="notion-inline-code">.251</code> （OpenWrt），其响应数据包会首先发往 OpenWrt。<b>此时，OpenWrt 上已启用的 IP 动态伪装</b>会发挥作用，它能对这个来自内网服务器、目的地为互联网的响应包进行正确的源地址伪装，并送回 iKuai，最终抵达公网用户。由此，形成一个完整、对称的路径：<code class="notion-inline-code">互联网用户 -&gt; iKuai -&gt; Lucky （35） -&gt; OpenWrt -&gt; iKuai -&gt; 互联网用户</code> 。</li></ul></ol></ol><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2d68182321b8806dbd5dc33748b6b6d3" data-id="2d68182321b8806dbd5dc33748b6b6d3"><span><div id="2d68182321b8806dbd5dc33748b6b6d3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b8806dbd5dc33748b6b6d3" title="3. 故障重现：当伪装被关闭时"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. <b>故障重现：当伪装被关闭时</b></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2d68182321b880b3ae12ffe194c367ea" data-id="2d68182321b880b3ae12ffe194c367ea"><span><div id="2d68182321b880b3ae12ffe194c367ea" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880b3ae12ffe194c367ea" title="3.1 故障触发条件"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3.1 <b>故障触发条件</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880a188e1d92aa7ba52c4">在双路由架构中，一旦关闭 OpenWrt 的“IP动态伪装”功能，一个潜在问题便会显现。其特殊性在于：<b>常规的网页浏览、下载等活动可能依然顺畅，但当你尝试通过域名访问内网搭建的反向代理服务时，就会立即出现“内网访问失败，外网访问正常”的诡异状况。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b8801d88fbdde66ed8efee">此现象的本质在于：<b>数据包在多层网关间流转时，因缺少关键的源地址伪装（SNAT），导致“回程”路径的对称性被破坏，形成“去程”与“回程”路径不一致的非对称路由，最终被客户端严格的 TCP/IP 协议栈拒绝。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880f9a272ed5b5d16a3cc">让我们模拟一个从内网 PC 发出的数据包，一步步复现问题产生的过程。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2d68182321b880bcbc5ece6414b6b1b8" data-id="2d68182321b880bcbc5ece6414b6b1b8"><span><div id="2d68182321b880bcbc5ece6414b6b1b8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880bcbc5ece6414b6b1b8" title="3.2 数据包的“不对称”路径产生过程"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3.2 <b>数据包的“不对称”路径产生过程</b></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b880f88a19f3e58c13e238" data-id="2d68182321b880f88a19f3e58c13e238"><span><div id="2d68182321b880f88a19f3e58c13e238" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880f88a19f3e58c13e238" title="（1）请求发出"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（1）请求发出</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880f69fd2cf79e8cb9e9c"><b>地点：</b> PC（<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.95</code>）</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b88007bdeff755dc66411f"><b>事件：</b> 在浏览器中输入 <code class="notion-inline-code">qb.myhome.com：8888</code> 并回车。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8809bbd20dc7081c89daa">PC 查询 DNS 后，发现该域名解析为宽带的<b>公网 IP 地址</b>（例如 <code class="notion-inline-code">123.123.123.123</code>）。随后，PC 构造一个请求数据包，其关键信息如下：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880bfaf69fb8372febe45"><li><b>源地址</b>：<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.95</code> （PC）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b8807ba27fc3ec7e456364"><li><b>目的地址</b>：<code class="notion-inline-code">123.123.123.123</code> （域名 <code class="notion-inline-code">qb.myhome.com</code> 的公网解析结果）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880bcb84ed610f30760ea"><li><b>目的端口</b>：<code class="notion-inline-code">8888</code> （Lucky 服务端口）</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880ab958beff094b371b1">PC的网关指向 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.251</code>（OpenWrt 旁路由），此时数据包会被发往 OpenWrt 。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b880af8b96ee949ec286f7" data-id="2d68182321b880af8b96ee949ec286f7"><span><div id="2d68182321b880af8b96ee949ec286f7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880af8b96ee949ec286f7" title="（2）OpenWrt 中转数据包"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（2）OpenWrt 中转数据包</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8808bba49eb95f207927c"><b>地点：</b> OpenWrt 旁路由（<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.251</code>）</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b88064ad42c718913c6adc">OpenWrt 检查数据包目的地址 <code class="notion-inline-code">123.123.123.123：8888</code>，查询路由表后，确定下一跳为主路由 iKuai （<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.250</code>）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880ec81dfec4aa03bace4"><b>关键决策点：</b> 由于“IP动态伪装”功能已关闭，OpenWrt <b>不会对数据包进行任何修改</b>，既不会改动源地址（<code class="notion-inline-code">.95</code>），也不会改动目的地址（<code class="notion-inline-code">123.123.123.123：8888</code>）。它仅依据路由表，将数据包原封不动地转发至下一跳—— iKuai 主路由。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b88018b707f40170197cfc" data-id="2d68182321b88018b707f40170197cfc"><span><div id="2d68182321b88018b707f40170197cfc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b88018b707f40170197cfc" title="（3）iKuai 没有做的事"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（3）iKuai 没有做的事</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880c6a359c584b74553d5"><b>地点：</b> iKuai主路由（<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.250</code>）</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880189a83eec4fd919732">作为网络枢纽，iKuai 发现数据包的目的地是公网 IP <code class="notion-inline-code">123.123.123.123</code>，且目的端口 <code class="notion-inline-code">8888</code> 匹配了预设的<b>端口映射</b>规则。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880e497b9e0cfc3ade14c">于是，iKuai 执行了标准的 DNAT<b>（目的地址转换）</b>：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d78182321b880ce9d33eb40e52274f0"><li><b>转换前：</b> 目的地址 = <code class="notion-inline-code">123.123.123.123：8888</code></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d78182321b880108e39dc857107fceb"><li><b>转换后：</b> 目的地址 = <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.35：8888</code></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880e783b8de99d2471973"><b>然而，问题恰恰出在它“没有”做的后续动作上。</b>为实现完整的 <b>“NAT 回环”（Hairpin NAT）</b>，iKuai 本应接着执行 <b>SNAT（源地址转换）</b>，将数据包的源地址也改写为自身的 LAN 口 IP （<code class="notion-inline-code">.250</code>）。但在本故障场景中，<b>iKuai 仅执行了 DNAT，未执行 SNAT。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880c4a7f5d080d1270ccd">于是，数据包的状态变成了：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880d492d7c642446d1b38"><li><b>源 IP 地址：</b> 依然是 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.95</code>（PC 的真实 IP）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880d1932ae9f28b6fea66"><li><b>目的地地址：</b> 已是 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.35</code>（Unraid 服务器）</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b88041b4c8eb8032e571fb">数据包被发送给了 Unraid 服务器。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b880db9ecdeeb97b72175b" data-id="2d68182321b880db9ecdeeb97b72175b"><span><div id="2d68182321b880db9ecdeeb97b72175b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880db9ecdeeb97b72175b" title="（4）反向代理服务器的“本能”回应"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（4）反向代理服务器的“本能”回应</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880b49a46df776d4b9ea7"><b>地点：</b> Unraid 服务器上的 Lucky 服务（<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.35</code>）</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880f191cdd06fdaa862c6">Lucky 服务处理请求后，准备发出响应。它检查到请求源自 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.95</code> （PC）。根据基础网络规则，服务器判定请求者 （<code class="notion-inline-code">.95</code>） 与自身 （<code class="notion-inline-code">.35</code>） 位于<b>同一局域网网段</b> （<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.0/24</code>）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b8802aa2c0f03b4d6c7e9c">于是，它<b>不经过任何网关，直接通过二层交换机将响应数据包发往 </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>192.168.10.95</b></code>。 响应路径被简化为：</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b880fcb85eec9c5eb6c2fd" data-id="2d68182321b880fcb85eec9c5eb6c2fd"><span><div id="2d68182321b880fcb85eec9c5eb6c2fd" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880fcb85eec9c5eb6c2fd" title="（5）对称路径被打破"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（5）对称路径被打破</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8800aa4c7fe47d65b1c26"><b>地点：</b> PC（<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.95</code>）</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b88094b9c7d60583f6c89b">PC 正等待与 <code class="notion-inline-code">123.123.123.123：8888</code> 的通信回应，却收到了一个源地址为 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.35：8888</code> 的数据包，而非预期的 <code class="notion-inline-code">123.123.123.123：8888</code>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b8807cb449fa9d221c0ba1">根据 TCP 协议的严格规定，为保证通信的可靠与安全，一次连接中<b>请求方与应答方的 IP 地址及端口必须一致</b>。面对这个“身份不符”的响应，操作系统协议栈会将其判定为<b>非法或无关数据包</b>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880bbbb6de0d089228da9">PC 的协议栈将：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d78182321b8801e8400ca37f334d20f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>静默丢弃</b>此数据包；或</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d78182321b880dcb178d6196ae96227" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>发出一个 <code class="notion-inline-code"><b>RST</b></code><b>（连接重置）包</b>，强行终止此次连接。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b88048b4acd3ecba94efbd">在浏览器中，最终表现为页面持续加载直至超时，并显示连接失败</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2d68182321b88012b1d5dfd3b92f2c52" data-id="2d68182321b88012b1d5dfd3b92f2c52"><span><div id="2d68182321b88012b1d5dfd3b92f2c52" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b88012b1d5dfd3b92f2c52" title="3.3 故障核心"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3.3 <b>故障核心</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880d2a65ad68775436851">从更高层面看：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8803789d6efdfc0dd197a"><b>故障路径（内网访问失败）：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880bf8b3ff05cc436f3a9"><b>问题：</b> 回程路径完全绕开了去程途经的路由设备（OpenWrt 和 iKuai），构成典型的非对称路由。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8809a96c6c54336fc337c"><b>成功路径（外网访问正常）：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880d4a77fc3780d88637b"><b>关键：</b> iKuai 执行了完整的 NAT（DNAT+SNAT），迫使回程路径必须经过它，从而形成一个对称、可控的闭环。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880a3bfe6ce55aae77976"><b>根本原因</b>由此明晰：在内网客户端通过公网域名访问内网服务的特定场景下，因 OpenWrt 伪装功能关闭，且 iKuai 未对此类“内到内”流量执行 SNAT，导致服务器看到的源地址仍是原始客户端 IP，继而引发直接回包，破坏了通信链路的对称性，最终被 TCP 协议栈的安全机制阻断。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2d68182321b8803c9c3ce83b612e8e56" data-id="2d68182321b8803c9c3ce83b612e8e56"><span><div id="2d68182321b8803c9c3ce83b612e8e56" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b8803c9c3ce83b612e8e56" title="4. 解决方案"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4. 解决方案</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880dc8afbc34f68957bd6">在明确故障核心是 <b>“非对称路由导致 TCP 连接状态不一致”</b> 后，解决方案的方向便清晰了：<b>重建或强制实现数据“去程”与“回程”路径的对称性</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880bb9218f0e903910f80">无论网络拓扑如何，其解决思路均可归结为以下三种根本性方案。本文按从易到难、从治标到治本的顺序进行梳理，读者可根据自身情况与技术偏好进行选择。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2d68182321b88010bfeee223807e216c" data-id="2d68182321b88010bfeee223807e216c"><span><div id="2d68182321b88010bfeee223807e216c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b88010bfeee223807e216c" title="4.1 方案一：启用 OpenWrt 的 IP 动态伪装（最直接）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4.1 方案一：<b>启用 OpenWrt 的 IP 动态伪装（最直接）</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8800790d4c7cae04d3f99">这是最广为人知、操作最简便的方案，适用于希望快速解决问题的用户。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d78182321b8802eb465d93e4d00d554" data-id="2d78182321b8802eb465d93e4d00d554"><span><div id="2d78182321b8802eb465d93e4d00d554" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d78182321b8802eb465d93e4d00d554" title="（1）操作步骤"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（1）操作步骤</b></span></span></h4><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2d78182321b880568246ce1b0ecaa258"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ab45c1a0f-663d-4077-81eb-a0abf105a817%3APixPin_2025-12-28_13-32-52.png?table=block&amp;id=2d781823-21b8-8056-8246-ce1b0ecaa258&amp;t=2d781823-21b8-8056-8246-ce1b0ecaa258" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880a0a050e9ff54cb6cfd">在 OpenWrt 管理界面中，进入 <b>“网络” → “防火墙”</b>。在 <b>“区域”</b> 选项卡下，找到并勾选 <b>“IP动态伪装”</b> 选项，然后点击 <b>“保存并应用”</b>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880818830d36875de7141">启用此功能后，OpenWrt 会对所有经其转发的 LAN 区域流量执行<b>强制性的源地址转换（SNAT）</b></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d78182321b88014a0e2ca67ca70186d" data-id="2d78182321b88014a0e2ca67ca70186d"><span><div id="2d78182321b88014a0e2ca67ca70186d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d78182321b88014a0e2ca67ca70186d" title="（2）原理解析"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（2）原理解析</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b88018a492f8a46655986a"><b>故障时（伪装关闭）的数据流：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880618f35e498b366d8d5"><b>启用伪装后的数据流：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880fcbd51c0d283fac502">通过让 OpenWrt “冒充”所有内网客户端，强制服务器将所有回包都先送到 OpenWrt 这里，由 OpenWrt 完成最终的派送，从而保证了回程路径必须经过它，实现了路径的对称。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d78182321b8807896eac0e0812b9cc1" data-id="2d78182321b8807896eac0e0812b9cc1"><span><div id="2d78182321b8807896eac0e0812b9cc1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d78182321b8807896eac0e0812b9cc1" title="（3）优缺点"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（3）优缺点</b></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88000bde7e03f3862530e"><li><b>优点：</b></li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88000bde7e03f3862530e"><li><b>操作简单：</b>配置改动极小，效果立竿见影。</li><li><b>广泛有效：</b>不仅能解决本文所述问题，通常也能规避其他因非对称路由引发的异常。</li></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880d98cb2d7650a8726d1"><li><b>缺点：</b></li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880d98cb2d7650a8726d1"><li><b>丢失客户端真实 IP：</b>内网设备访问服务时，Nginx、Lucky 等反向代理的访问日志中，源 IP 将全部记录为 OpenWrt 的 IP （<code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.251</code>），无法追溯具体的内网客户端。</li><li><b>掩盖根本问题：</b>它通过强制统一出口来修正结果，并未优化有缺陷的网络路径逻辑本身。</li><li><b>存在轻微 NAT 开销：</b>会引入额外的地址转换处理负担。</li></ul></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b880ccabcbe2db54aa7671" data-id="2d68182321b880ccabcbe2db54aa7671"><span><div id="2d68182321b880ccabcbe2db54aa7671" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880ccabcbe2db54aa7671" title="（4）适用场景"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（4）适用场景</b></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88041b56de7929489a18c"><li>你希望用最小的代价快速恢复服务。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880978ee9d5a8d66b7990"><li>你不需要在内网服务的日志中查看客户端的真实 IP。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88082ac13f88c28f43ee4"><li>你的网络结构简单，未来变动的可能性小。</li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2d68182321b88065b7e3cd64f8e88f13" data-id="2d68182321b88065b7e3cd64f8e88f13"><span><div id="2d68182321b88065b7e3cd64f8e88f13" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b88065b7e3cd64f8e88f13" title="4.2 方案二：在主路由 iKuai 配置 NAT 回环（最规范）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4.2 方案二：<b>在主路由 iKuai 配置 NAT 回环（最规范）</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880f8be50dcd440f3ef3d">此方案将解决问题的职责交还给主路由，符合网络分层设计原则，是更规范、可持续的解决方案。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b88060bfa6f41ab7eda196">此方案分为两步，核心是<b>让主路由 iKuai 处理所有与公网 IP 相关的 NAT 逻辑</b>。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d78182321b880759300cdce4a0310a5" data-id="2d78182321b880759300cdce4a0310a5"><span><div id="2d78182321b880759300cdce4a0310a5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d78182321b880759300cdce4a0310a5" title="（1）操作步骤"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（1）操作步骤</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8806aba39fd435c38eee3"><b>第一步：清理 OpenWrt 的干扰规则</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880c0a4edef00df9d08ec">检查 OpenWrt 的防火墙设置，<b>移除或禁用</b>任何可能拦截内网访问公网 IP 流量的自定义规则（例如，针对特定端口的 LAN 到 LAN 端口转发规则）。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8802d9321cfc9a6043759"><b>第二步：在 iKuai 上配置 SNAT 规则</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8800386c7f53a0b14ad02">登录 iKuai 路由器，进入 <b>“网络设置” → “NAT 规则”</b> 页面：</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2d68182321b88042a5b2f8b3f120270f"><summary>添加一条新规则，配置如下</summary><div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b8803fa725c4df7194da7a"><li><b>动作：</b> 源地址NAT</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88010be21f065b1350dfd"><li><b>进/出接口：</b> 均选择内网接口（如 <code class="notion-inline-code">lan1</code>）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880b8865fd119cf648f4a"><li><b>源地址：</b> <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.0/24</code> （你的内网网段）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88097bc2ff4e2d058ff5c"><li><b>目的地址：</b> <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.35</code> （或你的服务器 IP。为简化，也可填写整个网段 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.0/24</code>）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880cbb510fa66ef00d970"><li><b>NAT 地址：</b> <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.250</code>（iKuai 自身的 LAN 口 IP）</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880d1a030fab8447d7b21"><li><b>（可选）目的端口：</b> <code class="notion-inline-code">8888</code> （增加规则精确性）</li></ul><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2d78182321b8803c8fbbced56edcbe19"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af72f33a0-786b-471f-b81c-9047cc93424e%3APixPin_2025-12-28_16-07-16.png?table=block&amp;id=2d781823-21b8-803c-8fbb-ced56edcbe19&amp;t=2d781823-21b8-803c-8fbb-ced56edcbe19" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b880d0b0e7f9c49d5349ac" data-id="2d68182321b880d0b0e7f9c49d5349ac"><span><div id="2d68182321b880d0b0e7f9c49d5349ac" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880d0b0e7f9c49d5349ac" title="（2）原理解析"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（2）原理解析</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880459d16c3eae546bf24">此规则意为：“所有从内网发往指定内网服务器（或服务）的流量，在流经 iKuai 时，其源地址均被改写为 iKuai 自身的 LAN 口 IP。”</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b88043a885d1fcbe8d8ebd"><b>配置后的数据流：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8803595f1d54f6366c07a"><b>本质：</b> 在 iKuai 上，强制修改内网数据包的源地址，迫使服务器必须通过这个路口回信，从而<b>在主路由层面人工建立了一个对称的、闭合的环路</b>，这就是标准的“Hairpin NAT”（NAT回环）实现。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b880dfa902c4c58475c7e4" data-id="2d68182321b880dfa902c4c58475c7e4"><span><div id="2d68182321b880dfa902c4c58475c7e4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880dfa902c4c58475c7e4" title="（3）优缺点"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（3）优缺点</b></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880228302cbc01f0ffc29"><li><b>优点：</b></li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880228302cbc01f0ffc29"><li><b>架构清晰</b>：NAT 逻辑回归主路由，旁路由职责单一，便于维护和理解。</li><li><b>集中管理</b>：所有出口和回环策略在一个设备上配置，避免规则冲突。</li><li><b>解耦</b>：旁路由的配置变更（如重装、更换固件）不会影响基础网络功能。</li></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88074826bda88dd3fa710"><li><b>缺点：</b></li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88074826bda88dd3fa710"><li><b>配置稍复杂</b>：需要理解并正确配置 iKuai 的 NAT 规则。</li><li><b>同样丢失真实IP</b>：服务器看到的源 IP 变成了 iKuai 的 IP 。</li><li><b>同样存在轻微 NAT 开销</b></li></ul></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b88069a645fcdbe1a04ff1" data-id="2d68182321b88069a645fcdbe1a04ff1"><span><div id="2d68182321b88069a645fcdbe1a04ff1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b88069a645fcdbe1a04ff1" title="（4）适用场景"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（4）适用场景</b></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b8805c96c4e8b892470d69"><li>你重视网络架构的规范性和可维护性。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880e294ebd53ab58948ed"><li>你希望网络策略的管控点集中。</li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2d68182321b88024a0d9e540060707b6" data-id="2d68182321b88024a0d9e540060707b6"><span><div id="2d68182321b88024a0d9e540060707b6" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b88024a0d9e540060707b6" title="4.3 方案三：实施 DNS 分流（最优雅）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4.3 方案三：<b>实施 DNS 分流（最优雅）</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880aca14bf894051c449e">这是从根源上解决问题的方案，它彻底规避了“通过公网IP访问内网服务”这一会触发 NAT 回环问题的场景，<b>是性能最佳、逻辑最清晰的解决方案。</b></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b8800d9cd0fa7d5e535e09" data-id="2d68182321b8800d9cd0fa7d5e535e09"><span><div id="2d68182321b8800d9cd0fa7d5e535e09" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b8800d9cd0fa7d5e535e09" title="（1）操作步骤"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（1）操作步骤</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b8804d9bf4cd419b01eeb0">此方案的核心是：<b>让内网设备在解析你的域名时，直接获得内网 IP 地址，而非公网 IP。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880d18d2dd7c1fcd72960">以下提供不同 DNS 服务下的一些设置参考：</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2d78182321b88019a746cfcaa3aafb1c"><summary><b>iKuai 设置示例：</b>若内网设备以 iKuai 为 DNS 服务器，可在 iKuai 的 “网络设置” → “DNS 设置” → “DNS 反向代理” 中添加规则。</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2d78182321b880289d77f4e0c8dba709"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af453b24b-a9ed-4ec8-9fab-4134a0543c59%3APixPin_2025-12-28_16-19-32.png?table=block&amp;id=2d781823-21b8-8028-9d77-f4e0c8dba709&amp;t=2d781823-21b8-8028-9d77-f4e0c8dba709" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2d78182321b8802c835ae6dd5743524d"><summary><b>OpenWrt 设置示例：</b>在 OpenWrt 的 “网络” → “DHCP/DNS” 页面中，切换至 “DNS 记录” 选项卡，于 “主机名映射” 部分添加规则。</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b8803995e6ebcff2b82278">如下图所示，添加规则即可</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2d78182321b8809a8e26e061060b68a2"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A1246990b-723f-43c0-91bf-d9af30fc8ac0%3APixPin_2025-12-28_16-22-48.png?table=block&amp;id=2d781823-21b8-809a-8e26-e061060b68a2&amp;t=2d781823-21b8-809a-8e26-e061060b68a2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2d78182321b880fa92fff7383c6b2602"><summary><b>AdguardHome 设置事例：</b>“过滤器” → “DNS 重写”</summary><div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2d78182321b880609afdc7b2bd05d10f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A5e18dbcc-4d50-47be-b18d-f6ef7715e72d%3APixPin_2025-12-28_17-33-32.png?table=block&amp;id=2d781823-21b8-8060-9afd-c7b2bd05d10f&amp;t=2d781823-21b8-8060-9afd-c7b2bd05d10f" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2d78182321b8804e8b05cd6206406843"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A55ec659f-f06a-4586-a89a-9e5969a3939d%3APixPin_2025-12-28_17-34-20.png?table=block&amp;id=2d781823-21b8-804e-8b05-cd6206406843&amp;t=2d781823-21b8-804e-8b05-cd6206406843" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div></details><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b88042868cdb47d07a7a49" data-id="2d68182321b88042868cdb47d07a7a49"><span><div id="2d68182321b88042868cdb47d07a7a49" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b88042868cdb47d07a7a49" title="（2）原理解析"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（2）原理解析</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b88063b5a1e81bec7fac23">此方案生效后，内网的网络访问行为发生了根本变化：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8805ba70affaf9ccd8d7b"><b>实施前：</b></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88097ae1dc02da5fa4bbf"><li>PC查询 <code class="notion-inline-code">myhome.com</code> → DNS返回公网 IP <code class="notion-inline-code">123.123.123.123</code></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880e5a4e5ced04c8f0501"><li>PC向 <code class="notion-inline-code">123.123.123.123：8888</code> 发起请求 → 触发复杂的 NAT 回环流程。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880829058e7e633e88416"><b>实施后：</b></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880c4b679fd56e5dcb651"><li>PC查询 <code class="notion-inline-code">myhome.com</code> → 内网 DNS 返回内网 IP <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.35</code></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880d7a0d7c7d30133615a"><li>PC 向 <code class="notion-inline-code">192.168.10.35：8888</code> 发起请求 → 通过交换机直接抵达服务器。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b8805587b3d466d9207bc2"><b>本质：</b> 通过 DNS 这一更高层级的服务，将流量引导至最直接的路径上。内网访问变为纯粹的局域网通信，<b>完全不经过主路由的 WAN 口 NAT 逻辑，也彻底避开了所有因 NAT 回环可能产生的问题。</b></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b880738be4e714efc3ceb6" data-id="2d68182321b880738be4e714efc3ceb6"><span><div id="2d68182321b880738be4e714efc3ceb6" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b880738be4e714efc3ceb6" title="（3）优缺点分析"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（3）优缺点分析</b></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880f28f9aeb3c1d19c504"><li><b>优点：</b></li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b880f28f9aeb3c1d19c504"><li><b>性能最佳：</b>无 NAT 转换开销，延迟最低。</li><li><b>保留真实客户端 IP：</b>服务器日志可准确记录发起请求的内网设备 IP。</li><li><b>根治问题</b>：从 DNS 层面规避问题，不依赖特定 NAT 行为。</li><li><b>路径最优</b>：内网访问无需绕行网关，路径最直接。</li></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b8800897b8ebc206256344"><li><b>缺点：</b></li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b8800897b8ebc206256344"><li>需维护 DNS 记录：每增加一个需内网访问的服务，都需添加相应的 DNS 记录。</li></ul></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2d68182321b88055bdcacf7b76f6545e" data-id="2d68182321b88055bdcacf7b76f6545e"><span><div id="2d68182321b88055bdcacf7b76f6545e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b88055bdcacf7b76f6545e" title="（4）适用场景"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>（4）适用场景</b></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b8804f8bdbebac4de0e952"><li>你追求极致的内部网络访问性能和简洁性。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b8808daea8dfaee75ae0f6"><li>你需要在内网服务中记录并区分不同客户端的访问。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d68182321b88022b057cbbfa37fceda"><li>你愿意并能够维护一个简单的内网 DNS 配置。</li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2d68182321b8800085f3c357b62c2c43" data-id="2d68182321b8800085f3c357b62c2c43"><span><div id="2d68182321b8800085f3c357b62c2c43" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d68182321b8800085f3c357b62c2c43" title="4.4 方案对比与选择建议"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4.4 <b>方案对比与选择建议</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b88099b636c4cc129ce748">为方读者快速决策，现将三种方案的核心特性对比如下：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-2d68182321b8807f915dcd69d51a5a71"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-2d68182321b8809b8b3ee81dced91b98"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>对比维度</b></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>方案一：启用伪装</b></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">方案二：iKuai NAT 回环</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">方案三：DNS 分流</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2d68182321b8803598ebf7bbe0db2294"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>解决思路</b></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>在旁路由强制统一出口</b></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>在主路由集中修正路径</b></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>通过 DNS 从源头改写目标</b></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2d68182321b880bd8fd7e8e72ed9c21b"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>配置复杂度</b></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">⭐☆☆☆☆（最简单）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">⭐⭐☆☆☆（需配置）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">⭐⭐⭐☆☆（需理解DNS）</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2d68182321b880038a59c8643ed52d65"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>网络性能</b></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">有轻微 NAT 开销</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">有轻微 NAT 开销</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>无 NAT 开销，最佳</b></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2d68182321b880d195bacb80ffb4f5e2"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>客户端真实IP</b></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">❌ 丢失</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">❌ 丢失</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>✅ 保留</b></div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2d68182321b880608ac3d5b2596f1b41"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>架构合理性</b></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">较低（掩盖了根本问题）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>优秀</b>（责任分明）</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>优秀</b>（路径最优）</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2d68182321b880b2a03acf58defb2125"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><b>长期维护性</b></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">低</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">中</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">低</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d68182321b880b78269f78dd1967a7e"><b>选择建议：</b></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d78182321b880a6a5f7f4fdbfc59815"><li><b>追求快速修复：</b>选择<b>方案一</b>（启用伪装）。这是门槛最低、见效最快的方案。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d78182321b8807baf92d004f43d634c"><li><b>注重架构规范：</b>选择<b>方案二</b>（iKuai NAT 回环）。这符合网络分层治理的最佳实践，权责清晰。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2d78182321b880c5984af80e3c8802bb"><li><b>追求极致体验：</b>选择<b>方案三</b>（DNS 分流）。这是从根源解决问题的最佳方案，能提供最直接的内网访问路径和完整的日志信息。</li></ul><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2d78182321b880abac20fb7c87fb197d" data-id="2d78182321b880abac20fb7c87fb197d"><span><div id="2d78182321b880abac20fb7c87fb197d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d78182321b880abac20fb7c87fb197d" title="5. 核心总结与选择建议"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5. <b>核心总结与选择建议</b></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880e7bbbfe9c046b07f10">本文系统分析了旁路由网络中“内网无法通过域名访问本地服务”的典型问题。其根本原因在于数据包在多个网关间转发时，<b>去程和回程路径不一致</b>（非对称路由），导致连接失败。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880c3b1c9ee4df8a6afe3">我们提供了三种切实可行的解决思路：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d78182321b8809a90ebc1c23f62e752" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>开启旁路由伪装</b>：设置最简单，能快速解决问题，但内网访问日志会丢失真实客户端 IP 。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d78182321b880a5b6a0e65545eb45f1" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>配置主路由 NAT 回环</b>：更符合网络管理规范，将转换规则集中在主路由，但配置稍复杂。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2d78182321b88040aa2df96059d3cd57" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>设置内网 DNS 分流</b>：从根源解决问题，内网访问速度最快且日志准确，但需要维护 DNS 记录。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-2d78182321b880d483aacf73fc663515">读者可以根据自己的主要需求来选择：追求<b>设置简便</b>选方案一，注重<b>管理规范</b>选方案二，看重<b>访问性能与完整日志</b>则选方案三。理解这些原理，将帮助你构建更稳定、可控的网络环境。</div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
    </channel>
</rss>